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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Online-Zugang: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18360 |
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| _version_ | 1866910240529711104 |
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| author | Li, Wanchen Shao, Ding Yu Shi, Hao-Zhe Sun, Yu-Xuan |
| author_facet | Li, Wanchen Shao, Ding Yu Shi, Hao-Zhe Sun, Yu-Xuan |
| contents | We introduce Nested-GPT, a hierarchical autoregressive Transformer architecture for simulating the variable-multiplicity parton-shower histories. As a controlled benchmark, we study the leading-logarithmic resummation of non-global logarithms in the large-$N_c$ limit, utilizing a stochastic Monte Carlo dipole shower to generate reference training data. We systematically evaluate Nested-GPT against a Transformer flow-matching baseline. The flow-matching framework successfully parameterizes the joint distribution of emission kinematics at fixed multiplicity. Its phase-space representation, however, requires the final number of emissions to be specified externally rather than generated dynamically. Conversely, Nested-GPT strictly enforces the ordered Markovian branching structure, predicting emissions sequentially and dynamically evaluating a learned sequence-termination condition. We benchmark both approaches using gap fraction observables under two complementary training regimes: direct training on vetoed histories and inclusive training followed by an analysis-level veto. The resulting generated samples agree with the reference shower within statistical uncertainties for the observables considered. These results establish Nested-GPT as a physically consistent autoregressive surrogate for variable-multiplicity shower generator and motivate extensions to subleading-logarithmic resummation and finite-$N_c$ color evolution. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_18360 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Nested-GPT for variable-multiplicity parton showers: A case study in the resummation of non-global logarithms Li, Wanchen Shao, Ding Yu Shi, Hao-Zhe Sun, Yu-Xuan High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We introduce Nested-GPT, a hierarchical autoregressive Transformer architecture for simulating the variable-multiplicity parton-shower histories. As a controlled benchmark, we study the leading-logarithmic resummation of non-global logarithms in the large-$N_c$ limit, utilizing a stochastic Monte Carlo dipole shower to generate reference training data. We systematically evaluate Nested-GPT against a Transformer flow-matching baseline. The flow-matching framework successfully parameterizes the joint distribution of emission kinematics at fixed multiplicity. Its phase-space representation, however, requires the final number of emissions to be specified externally rather than generated dynamically. Conversely, Nested-GPT strictly enforces the ordered Markovian branching structure, predicting emissions sequentially and dynamically evaluating a learned sequence-termination condition. We benchmark both approaches using gap fraction observables under two complementary training regimes: direct training on vetoed histories and inclusive training followed by an analysis-level veto. The resulting generated samples agree with the reference shower within statistical uncertainties for the observables considered. These results establish Nested-GPT as a physically consistent autoregressive surrogate for variable-multiplicity shower generator and motivate extensions to subleading-logarithmic resummation and finite-$N_c$ color evolution. |
| title | Nested-GPT for variable-multiplicity parton showers: A case study in the resummation of non-global logarithms |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18360 |