An Integrated Forecasting Prototype for Emergency Department Boarding Time to Support Proactive Operational Decision Making

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Vural, Orhun, Ahmed, Abdulaziz, Zengul, Ferhat, Booth, James, Ozaydin, Bunyamin
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Vural, Orhun
Ahmed, Abdulaziz
Zengul, Ferhat
Booth, James
Ozaydin, Bunyamin
author_facet Vural, Orhun
Ahmed, Abdulaziz
Zengul, Ferhat
Booth, James
Ozaydin, Bunyamin
contents Overcrowding in emergency departments (ED) remains a persistent operational challenge worldwide, causing delays in care delivery and downstream congestion. ED boarding time, defined as the duration admitted patients remain in the ED while awaiting inpatient bed placement, is a key indicator of this congestion. Predicting ED boarding time in advance enables proactive operational decision making before congestion escalates. We developed and evaluated a multi-horizon time series forecasting framework to predict ED boarding time at 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24-hour horizons. Real-world data from a university-affiliated urban hospital in the United States were utilized and integrated with external contextual data sources, including weather, holidays, and major local events. Decomposition-based Linear (DLinear) and Normalization-based Linear (NLinear) time series forecasting deep learning models showed superior performance across multiple horizons. Models were also evaluated under extreme congestion scenarios characterized by elevated boarding times. In addition, a Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) web application prototype was developed to support translation of the forecasting framework into practice through integrated data ingestion, forecast visualization, experimentation, and retraining.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_18839
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An Integrated Forecasting Prototype for Emergency Department Boarding Time to Support Proactive Operational Decision Making
Vural, Orhun
Ahmed, Abdulaziz
Zengul, Ferhat
Booth, James
Ozaydin, Bunyamin
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Overcrowding in emergency departments (ED) remains a persistent operational challenge worldwide, causing delays in care delivery and downstream congestion. ED boarding time, defined as the duration admitted patients remain in the ED while awaiting inpatient bed placement, is a key indicator of this congestion. Predicting ED boarding time in advance enables proactive operational decision making before congestion escalates. We developed and evaluated a multi-horizon time series forecasting framework to predict ED boarding time at 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24-hour horizons. Real-world data from a university-affiliated urban hospital in the United States were utilized and integrated with external contextual data sources, including weather, holidays, and major local events. Decomposition-based Linear (DLinear) and Normalization-based Linear (NLinear) time series forecasting deep learning models showed superior performance across multiple horizons. Models were also evaluated under extreme congestion scenarios characterized by elevated boarding times. In addition, a Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) web application prototype was developed to support translation of the forecasting framework into practice through integrated data ingestion, forecast visualization, experimentation, and retraining.
title An Integrated Forecasting Prototype for Emergency Department Boarding Time to Support Proactive Operational Decision Making
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18839