Logical Resource Estimation for Quantum State Preparation with Compilation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Diyi, Wang, Hanyu, Zhu, Shuchen, Cong, Jason, de Jong, Wibe A., Fang, Di, Huang, Zhen, Iancu, Costin, Yang, Chao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866916024452907008
author Liu, Diyi
Wang, Hanyu
Zhu, Shuchen
Cong, Jason
de Jong, Wibe A.
Fang, Di
Huang, Zhen
Iancu, Costin
Yang, Chao
author_facet Liu, Diyi
Wang, Hanyu
Zhu, Shuchen
Cong, Jason
de Jong, Wibe A.
Fang, Di
Huang, Zhen
Iancu, Costin
Yang, Chao
contents Quantum state preparation is a fundamental primitive in quantum algorithms for encoding classical data into quantum amplitudes. We compare the cost of preparing general $n$-qubit states with real amplitudes using two common paradigms: rotation-based methods, based on controlled rotations, and sampling-based methods, based on a structured representation of the target state. Although these approaches are often theoretically compared using CNOT count and $T$-count, their relative performance in total gate count remains less well understood practically. We compare representative rotation-based and sampling-based methods using $T$-count and total gate count, and analyze how compilation overhead affects their relative performance. We also develop a software package for compiling state preparation circuits, designed as a practical subroutine for more general quantum computations. Numerical experiments on resource states and quantum states related to quantum chemistry, condensed matter physics, and simulation via Magnus expansion over a range of target accuracies $ε$ support the analysis. Our results show that sampling-based methods achieve asymptotically lower $T$-count and retain an overall advantage after accounting for total gate count and compilation overhead.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_18877
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Logical Resource Estimation for Quantum State Preparation with Compilation
Liu, Diyi
Wang, Hanyu
Zhu, Shuchen
Cong, Jason
de Jong, Wibe A.
Fang, Di
Huang, Zhen
Iancu, Costin
Yang, Chao
Quantum Physics
81P68, 68Q12
Quantum state preparation is a fundamental primitive in quantum algorithms for encoding classical data into quantum amplitudes. We compare the cost of preparing general $n$-qubit states with real amplitudes using two common paradigms: rotation-based methods, based on controlled rotations, and sampling-based methods, based on a structured representation of the target state. Although these approaches are often theoretically compared using CNOT count and $T$-count, their relative performance in total gate count remains less well understood practically. We compare representative rotation-based and sampling-based methods using $T$-count and total gate count, and analyze how compilation overhead affects their relative performance. We also develop a software package for compiling state preparation circuits, designed as a practical subroutine for more general quantum computations. Numerical experiments on resource states and quantum states related to quantum chemistry, condensed matter physics, and simulation via Magnus expansion over a range of target accuracies $ε$ support the analysis. Our results show that sampling-based methods achieve asymptotically lower $T$-count and retain an overall advantage after accounting for total gate count and compilation overhead.
title Logical Resource Estimation for Quantum State Preparation with Compilation
topic Quantum Physics
81P68, 68Q12
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18877