Benchmarking Commercial ASR Systems on Code-Switching Speech: Arabic, Persian, and German
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Abdoli, Sajjad Al-Sumaidaee, Ghassan Taylor, Clayton W. ElShiekh, Ahmad Rashad, Ahmed |
| author_facet | Abdoli, Sajjad Al-Sumaidaee, Ghassan Taylor, Clayton W. ElShiekh, Ahmad Rashad, Ahmed |
| contents | Code-switching -- the natural alternation between two languages within a single utterance -- remains one of the most challenging and under-studied conditions for automatic speech recognition (ASR). We present a benchmark evaluating five commercial ASR providers across four language pairs: Egyptian Arabic--English, Saudi Arabic (Najdi/Hijazi)--English, Persian (Farsi)--English, and German--English, comprising 300 samples per pair selected by a two-stage pipeline combining heuristic filtering with a GPT-4o and Gemini 1.5 Pro ensemble scorer, reducing LLM costs by $\approx$91\%. We evaluate on both WER and BERTScore, showing that while both metrics agree on the ordinal ranking of systems for all Arabic and Persian pairs ($τ= 1.0$), WER inflates the magnitude of quality gaps by approximately 3$\times$ by penalising semantically correct transliteration choices. ElevenLabs Scribe v2 achieves the lowest WER (13.2\% overall) and leads on BERTScore (0.936 overall). Difficulty-stratified analysis reveals performance gaps masked by aggregate averages, and BERT embedding projections confirm semantic proximity between reference and hypothesis despite surface-level script differences. The dataset is publicly available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/Perle-ai/ASR_Code_Switch. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_19069 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Benchmarking Commercial ASR Systems on Code-Switching Speech: Arabic, Persian, and German Abdoli, Sajjad Al-Sumaidaee, Ghassan Taylor, Clayton W. ElShiekh, Ahmad Rashad, Ahmed Computation and Language Artificial Intelligence Code-switching -- the natural alternation between two languages within a single utterance -- remains one of the most challenging and under-studied conditions for automatic speech recognition (ASR). We present a benchmark evaluating five commercial ASR providers across four language pairs: Egyptian Arabic--English, Saudi Arabic (Najdi/Hijazi)--English, Persian (Farsi)--English, and German--English, comprising 300 samples per pair selected by a two-stage pipeline combining heuristic filtering with a GPT-4o and Gemini 1.5 Pro ensemble scorer, reducing LLM costs by $\approx$91\%. We evaluate on both WER and BERTScore, showing that while both metrics agree on the ordinal ranking of systems for all Arabic and Persian pairs ($τ= 1.0$), WER inflates the magnitude of quality gaps by approximately 3$\times$ by penalising semantically correct transliteration choices. ElevenLabs Scribe v2 achieves the lowest WER (13.2\% overall) and leads on BERTScore (0.936 overall). Difficulty-stratified analysis reveals performance gaps masked by aggregate averages, and BERT embedding projections confirm semantic proximity between reference and hypothesis despite surface-level script differences. The dataset is publicly available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/Perle-ai/ASR_Code_Switch. |
| title | Benchmarking Commercial ASR Systems on Code-Switching Speech: Arabic, Persian, and German |
| topic | Computation and Language Artificial Intelligence |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19069 |