A putative model of the gut-muscle axis in aged livestock
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2026
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| author | Suzuki, Karin Fukushima, Aoi Adachi, Yu Irie, Tsubasa Sano, Arisa Yamamoto, Daisuke Miyamoto, Hirokuni Moriya, Shigeharu Matsuura, Makiko Tsuji, Naoko Satoh, Takashi Kato, Tamotsu Nishiuchi, Takumi Ohno, Hiroshi Kodama, Hiroaki Sato, Naruki |
| author_facet | Suzuki, Karin Fukushima, Aoi Adachi, Yu Irie, Tsubasa Sano, Arisa Yamamoto, Daisuke Miyamoto, Hirokuni Moriya, Shigeharu Matsuura, Makiko Tsuji, Naoko Satoh, Takashi Kato, Tamotsu Nishiuchi, Takumi Ohno, Hiroshi Kodama, Hiroaki Sato, Naruki |
| contents | The gut-muscle axis has been proposed to link gut microbiota with skeletal muscle physiology, yet its universality across livestock species remains unclear. Using aged laying hens, a livestock model with a relatively short digestive tract, we examined the gut microbiota, faecal metabolome, and breast-muscle metabolome by integrative multi-omics analyses in hens fed a Caldifermentibacillus hisashii-containing fermented feed or a control diet. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed clear separation of the microbial community between groups (stress = 0.0097), characterised by a marked expansion of Lactobacillus with the administration of the fermented feed. Variance partitioning showed that the 16S microbiota shared substantial variance with both the faecal (shared R2 adj = 0.54) and muscle (shared R2 adj = 0.48) metabolomes, and partial dbRDA demonstrated that the faecal-to-muscle metabolite association was largely retained after controlling for 16S (direct R2 = 0.538, partial R2 = 0.485), consistent with faecal metabolites acting as an integral layer linking microbiota to muscle. Cliff's delta-based selection showed depletion of proteolytic taxa and faecal amino acids, and reduced muscle Ornithine and uric acid alongside elevated Hypoxanthine. Because both groups were processed identically post-slaughter, these differences reflect in vivo states: amino acid depletion despite reduced bacterial proteolytic capacity points to enhanced host utilisation, and reduced uric acid, a post-mortem-stable purine end-product in uricotelic chickens, indicates efficient nitrogen turnover rather than accumulation. Collectively, these findings support a putative tripartite model of the gut-muscle axis in aged laying hens, providing a statistically grounded framework for understanding microbial contributions to muscle physiology in aged livestock. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_19171 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A putative model of the gut-muscle axis in aged livestock Suzuki, Karin Fukushima, Aoi Adachi, Yu Irie, Tsubasa Sano, Arisa Yamamoto, Daisuke Miyamoto, Hirokuni Moriya, Shigeharu Matsuura, Makiko Tsuji, Naoko Satoh, Takashi Kato, Tamotsu Nishiuchi, Takumi Ohno, Hiroshi Kodama, Hiroaki Sato, Naruki Tissues and Organs The gut-muscle axis has been proposed to link gut microbiota with skeletal muscle physiology, yet its universality across livestock species remains unclear. Using aged laying hens, a livestock model with a relatively short digestive tract, we examined the gut microbiota, faecal metabolome, and breast-muscle metabolome by integrative multi-omics analyses in hens fed a Caldifermentibacillus hisashii-containing fermented feed or a control diet. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed clear separation of the microbial community between groups (stress = 0.0097), characterised by a marked expansion of Lactobacillus with the administration of the fermented feed. Variance partitioning showed that the 16S microbiota shared substantial variance with both the faecal (shared R2 adj = 0.54) and muscle (shared R2 adj = 0.48) metabolomes, and partial dbRDA demonstrated that the faecal-to-muscle metabolite association was largely retained after controlling for 16S (direct R2 = 0.538, partial R2 = 0.485), consistent with faecal metabolites acting as an integral layer linking microbiota to muscle. Cliff's delta-based selection showed depletion of proteolytic taxa and faecal amino acids, and reduced muscle Ornithine and uric acid alongside elevated Hypoxanthine. Because both groups were processed identically post-slaughter, these differences reflect in vivo states: amino acid depletion despite reduced bacterial proteolytic capacity points to enhanced host utilisation, and reduced uric acid, a post-mortem-stable purine end-product in uricotelic chickens, indicates efficient nitrogen turnover rather than accumulation. Collectively, these findings support a putative tripartite model of the gut-muscle axis in aged laying hens, providing a statistically grounded framework for understanding microbial contributions to muscle physiology in aged livestock. |
| title | A putative model of the gut-muscle axis in aged livestock |
| topic | Tissues and Organs |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19171 |