Locality in effective field theory for inflationary soft modes

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Tanaka, Takahiro, Urakawa, Yuko
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Tanaka, Takahiro
Urakawa, Yuko
author_facet Tanaka, Takahiro
Urakawa, Yuko
contents The gradient expansion and the separate universe approach provide an effective description of inflationary soft modes after coarse-graining shorter-wavelength degrees of freedom. We formulate a locality condition on the quantum state, requiring that the hard-mode state in each local universe depend on the soft modes only through the local soft-mode values in the same patch. When this condition is satisfied, the coarse-grained soft-mode dynamics remains local, and loop corrections from hard modes to superhorizon correlators of the adiabatic curvature perturbation are perturbatively suppressed. This provides a model-independent diagnosis of when enhanced corrections due to hard modes can invalidate the gradient expansion. We further show that the same locality condition implies a generalized soft theorem, from which the standard consistency relations follow under additional assumptions. This formulation clarifies the origin of possible deviations from the standard consistency relations in multi-field systems or in a non-attractor background. We also show that the locality condition guarantees the absence of infrared divergences for the correlators of operators invariant under a large gauge transformation. Thus, locality of the hard-mode state provides a unified criterion for the effective description of inflationary soft modes, generalized soft theorems, the suppression of hard-mode loop corrections, and the infrared regularity of observable correlators.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_19331
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Locality in effective field theory for inflationary soft modes
Tanaka, Takahiro
Urakawa, Yuko
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Theory
The gradient expansion and the separate universe approach provide an effective description of inflationary soft modes after coarse-graining shorter-wavelength degrees of freedom. We formulate a locality condition on the quantum state, requiring that the hard-mode state in each local universe depend on the soft modes only through the local soft-mode values in the same patch. When this condition is satisfied, the coarse-grained soft-mode dynamics remains local, and loop corrections from hard modes to superhorizon correlators of the adiabatic curvature perturbation are perturbatively suppressed. This provides a model-independent diagnosis of when enhanced corrections due to hard modes can invalidate the gradient expansion. We further show that the same locality condition implies a generalized soft theorem, from which the standard consistency relations follow under additional assumptions. This formulation clarifies the origin of possible deviations from the standard consistency relations in multi-field systems or in a non-attractor background. We also show that the locality condition guarantees the absence of infrared divergences for the correlators of operators invariant under a large gauge transformation. Thus, locality of the hard-mode state provides a unified criterion for the effective description of inflationary soft modes, generalized soft theorems, the suppression of hard-mode loop corrections, and the infrared regularity of observable correlators.
title Locality in effective field theory for inflationary soft modes
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19331