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Main Authors: Zhang, Juncheng, Ren, Yuanming, Li, Yongkun, Lee, Patrick P. C.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19335
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author Zhang, Juncheng
Ren, Yuanming
Li, Yongkun
Lee, Patrick P. C.
author_facet Zhang, Juncheng
Ren, Yuanming
Li, Yongkun
Lee, Patrick P. C.
contents Disk-based graph indexes for approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) must serve latency-sensitive queries and throughput-demanding updates concurrently. We observe that over 40% of search-thread CPU time is spent stalling on disk I/O; such idle cycles are invisible to thread-level scheduling yet available for other work. We present LIOS(Leverage I/O Stall), a framework that executes index updates inside search-side I/O stall windows. LIOS introduces three techniques: (i) splitting each update into resumable subtasks small enough to fit within a single stall window; (ii) bounding the expected overrun of update subtasks to a given threshold; and (iii) dynamically adjusting the fraction of idle time devoted to updates to drive end-to-end search latency degradation toward a user-specified target. We integrate LIOS into two update-optimized ANNS systems, FreshDiskANN and OdinANN. LIOS achieves speedups of up to 2.68$\times$ in insertion and 2.18$\times$ in deletion, with search latency degradation maintained near the user-specified target.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_19335
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Leveraging I/O Stalls for Efficient Scheduling in ANNS
Zhang, Juncheng
Ren, Yuanming
Li, Yongkun
Lee, Patrick P. C.
Databases
Disk-based graph indexes for approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) must serve latency-sensitive queries and throughput-demanding updates concurrently. We observe that over 40% of search-thread CPU time is spent stalling on disk I/O; such idle cycles are invisible to thread-level scheduling yet available for other work. We present LIOS(Leverage I/O Stall), a framework that executes index updates inside search-side I/O stall windows. LIOS introduces three techniques: (i) splitting each update into resumable subtasks small enough to fit within a single stall window; (ii) bounding the expected overrun of update subtasks to a given threshold; and (iii) dynamically adjusting the fraction of idle time devoted to updates to drive end-to-end search latency degradation toward a user-specified target. We integrate LIOS into two update-optimized ANNS systems, FreshDiskANN and OdinANN. LIOS achieves speedups of up to 2.68$\times$ in insertion and 2.18$\times$ in deletion, with search latency degradation maintained near the user-specified target.
title Leveraging I/O Stalls for Efficient Scheduling in ANNS
topic Databases
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19335