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Hauptverfasser: Tang, Wenpin, Touzi, Nizar, Zhang, Zikun, Zhou, Xun Yu
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19391
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author Tang, Wenpin
Touzi, Nizar
Zhang, Zikun
Zhou, Xun Yu
author_facet Tang, Wenpin
Touzi, Nizar
Zhang, Zikun
Zhou, Xun Yu
contents Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating samples from unknown data distributions. Most popular stochastic differential equation-based diffusion models perturb the target distribution by adding Gaussian noise, transforming it into a simple prior, and then use denoising score matching, a consequence of Tweedie's formula, to learn the score function and generate clean samples from noise. However, non-Gaussian diffusion models with state-dependent diffusion coefficient have been largely underexplored, as have the corresponding Tweedie's formulae. In this work, we extend Tweedie's formula to important non-Gaussian processes, including geometric Brownian motion (GBM), squared Bessel (BESQ) processes, and Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) processes, thereby yielding the corresponding denoising score-matching objectives. We then apply the derived formulae to image and financial time series generation using GBM- and CIR-based diffusion models, and to empirical Bayes estimation under the BESQ setting. The reported experimental results demonstrate the potential of non-Gaussian models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_19391
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Tweedie's Formulae and Diffusion Generative Models Beyond Gaussian
Tang, Wenpin
Touzi, Nizar
Zhang, Zikun
Zhou, Xun Yu
Machine Learning
Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating samples from unknown data distributions. Most popular stochastic differential equation-based diffusion models perturb the target distribution by adding Gaussian noise, transforming it into a simple prior, and then use denoising score matching, a consequence of Tweedie's formula, to learn the score function and generate clean samples from noise. However, non-Gaussian diffusion models with state-dependent diffusion coefficient have been largely underexplored, as have the corresponding Tweedie's formulae. In this work, we extend Tweedie's formula to important non-Gaussian processes, including geometric Brownian motion (GBM), squared Bessel (BESQ) processes, and Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) processes, thereby yielding the corresponding denoising score-matching objectives. We then apply the derived formulae to image and financial time series generation using GBM- and CIR-based diffusion models, and to empirical Bayes estimation under the BESQ setting. The reported experimental results demonstrate the potential of non-Gaussian models.
title Tweedie's Formulae and Diffusion Generative Models Beyond Gaussian
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19391