Physics-Informed Graph Neural Network Surrogates for Turbulent Nanoparticle Dispersion in Dental Clinical Environments

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Shende, Takshak, Popov, Viktor
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Shende, Takshak
Popov, Viktor
author_facet Shende, Takshak
Popov, Viktor
contents Dental aerosol procedures produce sub-50 micrometre nuclei that can remain airborne for long periods in enclosed clinics, creating pathways for airborne pathogen transmission. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations with Euler-Lagrange particle tracking capture this transport accurately but require very long run times per scenario, which precludes real-time clinical decision support in 3D. We present the Eulerian-Lagrangian Graph Interaction Network (ELGIN), a physics-informed graph surrogate that jointly predicts carrier-flow dynamics on the OpenFOAM polyhedral mesh and the per-parcel motion of the polydisperse spray cloud. ELGIN couples a multi-head Graph Transformer with Jacobi-preconditioned learnable pressure projection and a turbulence-closure head to a sigmoid-gated Lagrangian Interaction Network through differentiable inverse-distance mesh-parcel coupling, and advances parcels with a symplectic Stormer-Verlet integrator. A four-stage physics-informed curriculum stabilises 260-step autoregressive rollouts without gradient explosion. A parameter sweep with foam-extend 4.1 OpenFOAM reactingParcelFoam across clinically relevant ventilation rates and handpiece spray speeds provides CFD ground truth. This article reports a single-case demonstration in which both ELGIN and a Lagrangian-only baseline (M0) are trained and evaluated on Sweep_Case_03 of a twenty-case sweep; full 16/2/2 retraining is in progress and will replace all reported metrics. On this case, ELGIN tracks the foam-extend particle cloud much more closely than M0: mean parcel displacement error falls from 19.56% to 16.20% of room width and cloud radius-of-gyration error from 9.85% to 6.58%. A 26-second rollout completes in ~64 s on a 4 GB GPU, approximately 37x faster than the foam-extend reference pipeline, toward per-appointment infection-risk screening once the multi-case checkpoint is in place.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_19589
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Physics-Informed Graph Neural Network Surrogates for Turbulent Nanoparticle Dispersion in Dental Clinical Environments
Shende, Takshak
Popov, Viktor
Machine Learning
Fluid Dynamics
Dental aerosol procedures produce sub-50 micrometre nuclei that can remain airborne for long periods in enclosed clinics, creating pathways for airborne pathogen transmission. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations with Euler-Lagrange particle tracking capture this transport accurately but require very long run times per scenario, which precludes real-time clinical decision support in 3D. We present the Eulerian-Lagrangian Graph Interaction Network (ELGIN), a physics-informed graph surrogate that jointly predicts carrier-flow dynamics on the OpenFOAM polyhedral mesh and the per-parcel motion of the polydisperse spray cloud. ELGIN couples a multi-head Graph Transformer with Jacobi-preconditioned learnable pressure projection and a turbulence-closure head to a sigmoid-gated Lagrangian Interaction Network through differentiable inverse-distance mesh-parcel coupling, and advances parcels with a symplectic Stormer-Verlet integrator. A four-stage physics-informed curriculum stabilises 260-step autoregressive rollouts without gradient explosion. A parameter sweep with foam-extend 4.1 OpenFOAM reactingParcelFoam across clinically relevant ventilation rates and handpiece spray speeds provides CFD ground truth. This article reports a single-case demonstration in which both ELGIN and a Lagrangian-only baseline (M0) are trained and evaluated on Sweep_Case_03 of a twenty-case sweep; full 16/2/2 retraining is in progress and will replace all reported metrics. On this case, ELGIN tracks the foam-extend particle cloud much more closely than M0: mean parcel displacement error falls from 19.56% to 16.20% of room width and cloud radius-of-gyration error from 9.85% to 6.58%. A 26-second rollout completes in ~64 s on a 4 GB GPU, approximately 37x faster than the foam-extend reference pipeline, toward per-appointment infection-risk screening once the multi-case checkpoint is in place.
title Physics-Informed Graph Neural Network Surrogates for Turbulent Nanoparticle Dispersion in Dental Clinical Environments
topic Machine Learning
Fluid Dynamics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19589