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Main Authors: He, Maosheng, Li, Quanhan, Zhang, Shun-Rong, Forbes, Jeffrey M., Lei, Jiuhou, Liu, Libo, Shi, Jiankui, Wang, Chi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19608
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author He, Maosheng
Li, Quanhan
Zhang, Shun-Rong
Forbes, Jeffrey M.
Lei, Jiuhou
Liu, Libo
Shi, Jiankui
Wang, Chi
author_facet He, Maosheng
Li, Quanhan
Zhang, Shun-Rong
Forbes, Jeffrey M.
Lei, Jiuhou
Liu, Libo
Shi, Jiankui
Wang, Chi
contents Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been proposed to perturb Earth's ionosphere, with occasional reports of disruptions in ultra- and extremely-low-frequency radio signals. The exceptionally bright GRB~221009A was recently claimed to induce multi-altitude ionospheric responses, including perturbations in satellite electric fields, regional total electron content (TEC), and the equatorial electrojet (EEJ). These claims have renewed interest in the potential near-Earth impacts of astrophysical transients. Here we perform an independent reassessment using expanded datasets spanning multiple altitudes. We find no coherent, burst-like TEC enhancement, show that the reported electric-field anomalies recur under specific illumination conditions each orbit, and demonstrate that the EEJ fluctuations preceded the burst and coincide with solar-wind variability. Together, these results indicate that the reported GRB-induced ionospheric responses are fully attributable to other natural geophysical processes and instrumental artefacts, thereby resolving a high-profile controversy and clarifying the true limits of GRBs'ionospheric effects.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_19608
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Reassessment of Ionospheric Responses to GRB~221009A: Disentangling Instrumental, Illumination and Geophysical Effects
He, Maosheng
Li, Quanhan
Zhang, Shun-Rong
Forbes, Jeffrey M.
Lei, Jiuhou
Liu, Libo
Shi, Jiankui
Wang, Chi
Space Physics
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been proposed to perturb Earth's ionosphere, with occasional reports of disruptions in ultra- and extremely-low-frequency radio signals. The exceptionally bright GRB~221009A was recently claimed to induce multi-altitude ionospheric responses, including perturbations in satellite electric fields, regional total electron content (TEC), and the equatorial electrojet (EEJ). These claims have renewed interest in the potential near-Earth impacts of astrophysical transients. Here we perform an independent reassessment using expanded datasets spanning multiple altitudes. We find no coherent, burst-like TEC enhancement, show that the reported electric-field anomalies recur under specific illumination conditions each orbit, and demonstrate that the EEJ fluctuations preceded the burst and coincide with solar-wind variability. Together, these results indicate that the reported GRB-induced ionospheric responses are fully attributable to other natural geophysical processes and instrumental artefacts, thereby resolving a high-profile controversy and clarifying the true limits of GRBs'ionospheric effects.
title Reassessment of Ionospheric Responses to GRB~221009A: Disentangling Instrumental, Illumination and Geophysical Effects
topic Space Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19608