Channel Estimation for Beyond Diagonal RIS-Aided Multi-User mmWave Systems
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866914580430585856 |
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| author | Peng, Linyu Qiu, Tian Pan, Cunhua Wang, Jiangzhou Zhang, Taihao Ren, Hong |
| author_facet | Peng, Linyu Qiu, Tian Pan, Cunhua Wang, Jiangzhou Zhang, Taihao Ren, Hong |
| contents | Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) represents a promising architecture for advancing millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. However, its intricate inter-element connections invalidate the conventional decoupled mathematical structure, thereby severely complicating cascaded channel estimation. In this paper, we formulate a novel block-Kronecker-structured cascaded channel model for a \textit{group-connected} BD-RIS-aided multi-user (MU) mmWave system equipped with uniform planar arrays (UPAs). By exploiting the cascaded channel sparsity, an efficient three-stage estimation protocol is proposed. Specifically, Stage I acquires the common angles of arrival (AoAs) at the base station (BS) via a discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based approach. Stage II leverages the block-Kronecker structure alongside orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) and correlation-based least squares (LS) to extract the complete cascaded channel for a designated typical user. Finally, Stage III utilizes a Hierarchical Block OMP (HBOMP) algorithm to estimate the other users' channels. This structurally reconstructs the common and user-specific components, which fundamentally reduces the computational complexity and substantially reduces the pilot overhead. Numerical simulations verify that the proposed protocol yields improved channel estimation accuracy while maintaining a relatively low pilot overhead. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_19790 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Channel Estimation for Beyond Diagonal RIS-Aided Multi-User mmWave Systems Peng, Linyu Qiu, Tian Pan, Cunhua Wang, Jiangzhou Zhang, Taihao Ren, Hong Signal Processing Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) represents a promising architecture for advancing millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. However, its intricate inter-element connections invalidate the conventional decoupled mathematical structure, thereby severely complicating cascaded channel estimation. In this paper, we formulate a novel block-Kronecker-structured cascaded channel model for a \textit{group-connected} BD-RIS-aided multi-user (MU) mmWave system equipped with uniform planar arrays (UPAs). By exploiting the cascaded channel sparsity, an efficient three-stage estimation protocol is proposed. Specifically, Stage I acquires the common angles of arrival (AoAs) at the base station (BS) via a discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based approach. Stage II leverages the block-Kronecker structure alongside orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) and correlation-based least squares (LS) to extract the complete cascaded channel for a designated typical user. Finally, Stage III utilizes a Hierarchical Block OMP (HBOMP) algorithm to estimate the other users' channels. This structurally reconstructs the common and user-specific components, which fundamentally reduces the computational complexity and substantially reduces the pilot overhead. Numerical simulations verify that the proposed protocol yields improved channel estimation accuracy while maintaining a relatively low pilot overhead. |
| title | Channel Estimation for Beyond Diagonal RIS-Aided Multi-User mmWave Systems |
| topic | Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19790 |