A Closed-loop, State-centric, Multi-agent Framework for Passenger Load Estimation from Heterogeneous Data Streams
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866914580469383168 |
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| author | Xu, Yiyao Zhou, Hao Wang, Yuhang Sun, Jingran |
| author_facet | Xu, Yiyao Zhou, Hao Wang, Yuhang Sun, Jingran |
| contents | To support operations and passenger-facing services, transit agencies need reliable passenger load trajectories. Currently, load estimates are typically inferred from imperfect sensing systems rather than fully observed, and the accuracy of modern automatic passenger counting (APC) systems still varies with station layout, flow intensity, and operating conditions. To address the challenges of robust passenger load estimation from heterogeneous data streams, including incremental count errors, evidence conflicts, and context-dependent sensor reliability, we propose a closed-loop, state-centric, multi-agent framework. This method enforces physical feasibility at every step, allocates trust dynamically among evidence sources, and feeds physics-derived violation residuals back into training for robustness improvement. The architecture consists of a unified stop-event backbone, a coupled Perception--Physical--Fusion loop for stop-by-stop inference, and optional trip-level macro-correction and closed-loop calibration modules. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_19834 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A Closed-loop, State-centric, Multi-agent Framework for Passenger Load Estimation from Heterogeneous Data Streams Xu, Yiyao Zhou, Hao Wang, Yuhang Sun, Jingran Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Systems and Control To support operations and passenger-facing services, transit agencies need reliable passenger load trajectories. Currently, load estimates are typically inferred from imperfect sensing systems rather than fully observed, and the accuracy of modern automatic passenger counting (APC) systems still varies with station layout, flow intensity, and operating conditions. To address the challenges of robust passenger load estimation from heterogeneous data streams, including incremental count errors, evidence conflicts, and context-dependent sensor reliability, we propose a closed-loop, state-centric, multi-agent framework. This method enforces physical feasibility at every step, allocates trust dynamically among evidence sources, and feeds physics-derived violation residuals back into training for robustness improvement. The architecture consists of a unified stop-event backbone, a coupled Perception--Physical--Fusion loop for stop-by-stop inference, and optional trip-level macro-correction and closed-loop calibration modules. |
| title | A Closed-loop, State-centric, Multi-agent Framework for Passenger Load Estimation from Heterogeneous Data Streams |
| topic | Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19834 |