Language Mutations Sustain the Persistences of Conspiracy Theories on Social Media

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Cheng, Calvin Yixiang, Quelle, Dorian, Hale, Scott A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866914580594163712
author Cheng, Calvin Yixiang
Quelle, Dorian
Hale, Scott A.
author_facet Cheng, Calvin Yixiang
Quelle, Dorian
Hale, Scott A.
contents This study investigates how language mutations affect the persistent diffusion of conspiracy theories on social media. Drawing on a three-year dataset of conspiracy-related posts from X, and applying computational linguistic analysis alongside survival modelling, we find that conspiracy claims with greater semantic mutations have substantially longer lifespans. Mutations in psycholinguistic properties, including pronouns, social reference words, cognitive process terms, risk- and health- related vocabularies, are associated with extended lifespans. Mutations in actor, action and target (AAT) categories are associated with longer lifespans as well. Qualitative analysis identifies two predominant mutation patterns: simplification and assimilation, at both linguistic and AAT structural levels. Taken together, the results advance our understanding of how language mutations contribute to conspiracy persistence online and shed lights on longitudinal content moderation strategies. We argue that content moderation should consider the mutability of conspiracy claims and focus on the core claims that can address their potential variations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_20050
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Language Mutations Sustain the Persistences of Conspiracy Theories on Social Media
Cheng, Calvin Yixiang
Quelle, Dorian
Hale, Scott A.
Computation and Language
This study investigates how language mutations affect the persistent diffusion of conspiracy theories on social media. Drawing on a three-year dataset of conspiracy-related posts from X, and applying computational linguistic analysis alongside survival modelling, we find that conspiracy claims with greater semantic mutations have substantially longer lifespans. Mutations in psycholinguistic properties, including pronouns, social reference words, cognitive process terms, risk- and health- related vocabularies, are associated with extended lifespans. Mutations in actor, action and target (AAT) categories are associated with longer lifespans as well. Qualitative analysis identifies two predominant mutation patterns: simplification and assimilation, at both linguistic and AAT structural levels. Taken together, the results advance our understanding of how language mutations contribute to conspiracy persistence online and shed lights on longitudinal content moderation strategies. We argue that content moderation should consider the mutability of conspiracy claims and focus on the core claims that can address their potential variations.
title Language Mutations Sustain the Persistences of Conspiracy Theories on Social Media
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20050