CaMo: Camera Motion Grounded Evaluation and Training for Vision-Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Huang, Hsiang-Wei, Lu, Junbin, Chen, Kuang-Ming, Shangguan, Jianxu, Yang, Cheng-Yen, Hwang, Jenq-Neng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Huang, Hsiang-Wei
Lu, Junbin
Chen, Kuang-Ming
Shangguan, Jianxu
Yang, Cheng-Yen
Hwang, Jenq-Neng
author_facet Huang, Hsiang-Wei
Lu, Junbin
Chen, Kuang-Ming
Shangguan, Jianxu
Yang, Cheng-Yen
Hwang, Jenq-Neng
contents Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on spatial question answering benchmarks, yet it remains unclear whether such gains reflect genuine spatial intelligence. We show that existing spatial VLMs lack basic camera motion understanding, a key component of spatial cognition. We propose the Spatial Narrative Score (SNS), an evaluation framework that requires VLMs to generate explicit spatial narratives capturing both scene semantics and camera motion, followed by reasoning with a frozen proxy LLM. Under SNS, state-of-the-art spatial VLMs exhibit significant performance degradation despite high direct question answering accuracy. To address this gap, we introduce CaMo, a camera motion grounded VLM that achieves consistent performance across SNS evaluation and direct spatial question answering accuracy. Our results highlight the importance of explicit spatial narrative externalization for evaluating VLMs with transferable 3D spatial understanding. Our code, data, and model is available at https://github.com/hsiangwei0903/CaMo
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_20165
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle CaMo: Camera Motion Grounded Evaluation and Training for Vision-Language Models
Huang, Hsiang-Wei
Lu, Junbin
Chen, Kuang-Ming
Shangguan, Jianxu
Yang, Cheng-Yen
Hwang, Jenq-Neng
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on spatial question answering benchmarks, yet it remains unclear whether such gains reflect genuine spatial intelligence. We show that existing spatial VLMs lack basic camera motion understanding, a key component of spatial cognition. We propose the Spatial Narrative Score (SNS), an evaluation framework that requires VLMs to generate explicit spatial narratives capturing both scene semantics and camera motion, followed by reasoning with a frozen proxy LLM. Under SNS, state-of-the-art spatial VLMs exhibit significant performance degradation despite high direct question answering accuracy. To address this gap, we introduce CaMo, a camera motion grounded VLM that achieves consistent performance across SNS evaluation and direct spatial question answering accuracy. Our results highlight the importance of explicit spatial narrative externalization for evaluating VLMs with transferable 3D spatial understanding. Our code, data, and model is available at https://github.com/hsiangwei0903/CaMo
title CaMo: Camera Motion Grounded Evaluation and Training for Vision-Language Models
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20165