Thermal Structure and Chemical Enrichment of the North and South Polar Spurs: Supersolar N/O and Ne/O in the X-ray Plasma

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Autori principali: Gupta, Anjali, Mathur, Smita, Kingsbury, Joshua, Taylor, Anthony, Das, Sanskriti, Bhattacharya, Joy, Roy, Manami, Krongold, Yair
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Gupta, Anjali
Mathur, Smita
Kingsbury, Joshua
Taylor, Anthony
Das, Sanskriti
Bhattacharya, Joy
Roy, Manami
Krongold, Yair
author_facet Gupta, Anjali
Mathur, Smita
Kingsbury, Joshua
Taylor, Anthony
Das, Sanskriti
Bhattacharya, Joy
Roy, Manami
Krongold, Yair
contents The North Polar Spur (NPS) is a prominent diffuse X-ray feature whose origin has remained uncertain for decades. Using a uniform analysis of archival \textit{Suzaku} and \textit{XMM--Newton} data with new \textit{Chandra} observations, we constrain its thermal and chemical properties. The NPS emission is fully absorbed by the neutral interstellar medium, demonstrating that the plasma lies beyond the Galactic disk and is not a local supernova remnant or nearby superbubble. The spectra require a two-temperature model with a warm--hot component ($kT \approx 0.2$ keV) and a hotter component ($kT = 0.4$--$0.5$ keV), with emission measures of $(41.8 \pm 4.9) \times 10^{-3}$ and $(12.9 \pm 2.2) \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{cm^{-6}~pc}$, respectively. A key result is the detection of super-solar abundance ratios in the warm--hot phase, with N/O $= 3.6 \pm 0.3$ and Ne/O $= 1.9 \pm 0.1$ solar. A Suzaku observation of the outer South Polar Spur (SPS) shows similar absorption, temperatures, and enhanced abundances (N/O $= 2.9 \pm 0.4$, Ne/O $= 1.6 \pm 0.2$), though with lower emission measures. The similar super-solar abundance ratios suggest a common enrichment history. These properties are consistent with those measured along other sightlines through the X-ray--bright shells of the Galactic bubbles. Together, these results support that the NPS and SPS trace opposite limbs of the Galactic bubbles. The chemical properties suggest a strong contribution from stellar feedback in shaping the Galactic bubbles.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_20335
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Thermal Structure and Chemical Enrichment of the North and South Polar Spurs: Supersolar N/O and Ne/O in the X-ray Plasma
Gupta, Anjali
Mathur, Smita
Kingsbury, Joshua
Taylor, Anthony
Das, Sanskriti
Bhattacharya, Joy
Roy, Manami
Krongold, Yair
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Astrophysics of Galaxies
The North Polar Spur (NPS) is a prominent diffuse X-ray feature whose origin has remained uncertain for decades. Using a uniform analysis of archival \textit{Suzaku} and \textit{XMM--Newton} data with new \textit{Chandra} observations, we constrain its thermal and chemical properties. The NPS emission is fully absorbed by the neutral interstellar medium, demonstrating that the plasma lies beyond the Galactic disk and is not a local supernova remnant or nearby superbubble. The spectra require a two-temperature model with a warm--hot component ($kT \approx 0.2$ keV) and a hotter component ($kT = 0.4$--$0.5$ keV), with emission measures of $(41.8 \pm 4.9) \times 10^{-3}$ and $(12.9 \pm 2.2) \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{cm^{-6}~pc}$, respectively. A key result is the detection of super-solar abundance ratios in the warm--hot phase, with N/O $= 3.6 \pm 0.3$ and Ne/O $= 1.9 \pm 0.1$ solar. A Suzaku observation of the outer South Polar Spur (SPS) shows similar absorption, temperatures, and enhanced abundances (N/O $= 2.9 \pm 0.4$, Ne/O $= 1.6 \pm 0.2$), though with lower emission measures. The similar super-solar abundance ratios suggest a common enrichment history. These properties are consistent with those measured along other sightlines through the X-ray--bright shells of the Galactic bubbles. Together, these results support that the NPS and SPS trace opposite limbs of the Galactic bubbles. The chemical properties suggest a strong contribution from stellar feedback in shaping the Galactic bubbles.
title Thermal Structure and Chemical Enrichment of the North and South Polar Spurs: Supersolar N/O and Ne/O in the X-ray Plasma
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20335