Intersecting Dense Automata

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Chistikov, Dmitry, Rino, Neha
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Chistikov, Dmitry
Rino, Neha
author_facet Chistikov, Dmitry
Rino, Neha
contents We observe that the classical Cartesian product construction for the intersection of (languages of) nondeterministic finite automata (NFA) is non-optimal in the worst case, if the automata have many transitions. For a fixed alphabet, the product of two NFA may have $Θ(m^2)$ transitions if these NFA have at most $n$ states and $m$ transitions each. We describe alternative constructions with $O(m n)$ transitions: or $O(m n^{k-1})$ for the intersection of $k$ NFA (for fixed $k \ge 2$ and alphabet $Σ$). This gives a faster algorithm for deciding NFA intersection emptiness. The new algorithm is optimal, unless there exists a breakthrough combinatorial algorithm for detecting $(k+1)$-cliques in undirected graphs. This also leads to a more efficient certification scheme for NFA intersection emptiness.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_20421
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Intersecting Dense Automata
Chistikov, Dmitry
Rino, Neha
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Logic in Computer Science
We observe that the classical Cartesian product construction for the intersection of (languages of) nondeterministic finite automata (NFA) is non-optimal in the worst case, if the automata have many transitions. For a fixed alphabet, the product of two NFA may have $Θ(m^2)$ transitions if these NFA have at most $n$ states and $m$ transitions each. We describe alternative constructions with $O(m n)$ transitions: or $O(m n^{k-1})$ for the intersection of $k$ NFA (for fixed $k \ge 2$ and alphabet $Σ$). This gives a faster algorithm for deciding NFA intersection emptiness. The new algorithm is optimal, unless there exists a breakthrough combinatorial algorithm for detecting $(k+1)$-cliques in undirected graphs. This also leads to a more efficient certification scheme for NFA intersection emptiness.
title Intersecting Dense Automata
topic Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Logic in Computer Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20421