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Main Authors: Shen, Shuaike, Cheng, Wenduo, Wang, Shike, Ma, Mingqian, Ma, Jian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20425
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author Shen, Shuaike
Cheng, Wenduo
Wang, Shike
Ma, Mingqian
Ma, Jian
author_facet Shen, Shuaike
Cheng, Wenduo
Wang, Shike
Ma, Mingqian
Ma, Jian
contents Designing multi-agent workflows is especially difficult in open-ended scientific settings where tasks lack curated training sets, reliable scalar evaluation metrics, and standardized interfaces between existing tools and agents. We propose AgentCo-op, a retrieval-based synthesis framework that composes reusable skills, tools, and external agents into executable workflows through typed artifact handoffs, then applies bounded self-guided local repair to implicated components when execution evidence indicates failure. In two open-world genomics case studies, AgentCo-op composes independently developed scientific agents and external tool repositories into auditable workflows without redesigning them or running global topology search. It coordinates specialized agents for spatial transcriptomics and gene-set interpretation to enable collaborative discovery from spatial transcriptomics data, and builds a parallel workflow for cross-modality marker analysis on single-cell multiome data. AgentCo-op can also import a searched workflow as a structural prior and improve it by grounding nodes with retrieved components and applying local repair, showing that synthesis and search are complementary. On six coding, math, and question-answering benchmarks, AgentCo-op achieves the best result on four benchmarks and the best average score under a unified backbone setting, while consistently reducing per-task cost relative to multi-agent baselines. Together, these results suggest that retrieval-based synthesis can extend automated agentic workflow design beyond benchmark-optimized agent graphs to open-world workflows built from existing agents, tools, and typed artifacts.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_20425
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle AgentCo-op: Retrieval-Based Synthesis of Interoperable Multi-Agent Workflows
Shen, Shuaike
Cheng, Wenduo
Wang, Shike
Ma, Mingqian
Ma, Jian
Artificial Intelligence
Designing multi-agent workflows is especially difficult in open-ended scientific settings where tasks lack curated training sets, reliable scalar evaluation metrics, and standardized interfaces between existing tools and agents. We propose AgentCo-op, a retrieval-based synthesis framework that composes reusable skills, tools, and external agents into executable workflows through typed artifact handoffs, then applies bounded self-guided local repair to implicated components when execution evidence indicates failure. In two open-world genomics case studies, AgentCo-op composes independently developed scientific agents and external tool repositories into auditable workflows without redesigning them or running global topology search. It coordinates specialized agents for spatial transcriptomics and gene-set interpretation to enable collaborative discovery from spatial transcriptomics data, and builds a parallel workflow for cross-modality marker analysis on single-cell multiome data. AgentCo-op can also import a searched workflow as a structural prior and improve it by grounding nodes with retrieved components and applying local repair, showing that synthesis and search are complementary. On six coding, math, and question-answering benchmarks, AgentCo-op achieves the best result on four benchmarks and the best average score under a unified backbone setting, while consistently reducing per-task cost relative to multi-agent baselines. Together, these results suggest that retrieval-based synthesis can extend automated agentic workflow design beyond benchmark-optimized agent graphs to open-world workflows built from existing agents, tools, and typed artifacts.
title AgentCo-op: Retrieval-Based Synthesis of Interoperable Multi-Agent Workflows
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20425