High Quality Embeddings for Horn Logic Reasoning
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866917514371399680 |
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| author | Zhang, Yifan White, Yasir Clark, Dean Sanchez, Joseph Lipsey, Jevon Hirst, Ashely Heflin, Jeff |
| author_facet | Zhang, Yifan White, Yasir Clark, Dean Sanchez, Joseph Lipsey, Jevon Hirst, Ashely Heflin, Jeff |
| contents | Neural networks can be trained to rank the choices made by logical reasoners, resulting in more efficient searches for answers. A key step in this process is creating useful embeddings, i.e., numeric representations of logical statements. This paper introduces and evaluates several approaches to creating embeddings that result in better downstream results. We train embeddings using triplet loss, which requires examples consisting of an anchor, a positive example, and a negative example. We introduce three ideas: generating anchors that are more likely to have repeated terms, generating positive and negative examples in a way that ensures a good balance between easy, medium, and hard examples, and periodically emphasizing the hardest examples during training. We conduct several experiments to evaluate this approach, including a comparison of different embeddings across different knowledge bases, in an attempt to identify what characteristics make an embedding well-suited to a particular reasoning task. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_20467 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | High Quality Embeddings for Horn Logic Reasoning Zhang, Yifan White, Yasir Clark, Dean Sanchez, Joseph Lipsey, Jevon Hirst, Ashely Heflin, Jeff Artificial Intelligence I.2.6; I.2.4 Neural networks can be trained to rank the choices made by logical reasoners, resulting in more efficient searches for answers. A key step in this process is creating useful embeddings, i.e., numeric representations of logical statements. This paper introduces and evaluates several approaches to creating embeddings that result in better downstream results. We train embeddings using triplet loss, which requires examples consisting of an anchor, a positive example, and a negative example. We introduce three ideas: generating anchors that are more likely to have repeated terms, generating positive and negative examples in a way that ensures a good balance between easy, medium, and hard examples, and periodically emphasizing the hardest examples during training. We conduct several experiments to evaluate this approach, including a comparison of different embeddings across different knowledge bases, in an attempt to identify what characteristics make an embedding well-suited to a particular reasoning task. |
| title | High Quality Embeddings for Horn Logic Reasoning |
| topic | Artificial Intelligence I.2.6; I.2.4 |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20467 |