Evolution of compressed clouds formed by filament coalescence. I. Oblique collisions
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866913147844034560 |
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| author | Kashiwagi, Raiga Iwasaki, Kazunari Tomisaka, Kohji Inoue, Tsuyoshi |
| author_facet | Kashiwagi, Raiga Iwasaki, Kazunari Tomisaka, Kohji Inoue, Tsuyoshi |
| contents | Stars are thought to form predominantly within filamentary molecular clouds. Recent studies have suggested that active star formation, including the formation of stellar clusters and massive stars, occurs within so-called "hub" structures, where multiple filaments converge. Understanding the formation and evolution of such hub-filament systems is therefore essential for unveiling the physical processes responsible for cluster and massive star formation, although the full picture remains incomplete. To address this, we have focused on filament-filament collisions as a potential formation mechanism of the hubs. In this study, we investigate the fundamental evolutionary processes of oblique collisions between two magnetized filaments using three-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamical simulations. As a model of initial filaments, we consider two identical finite-length magnetized filaments, varying the collision angle between their long axes, the collision velocity, which is set perpendicular to the long axes, and the initial line mass. We find that as the collision angle decreases from orthogonal to parallel, the compressed cloud becomes more prone to gravitational collapse. In addition, the instability of the post-collision compressed cloud can be explained by its energy balance. Specifically, if the absolute value of the gravitational energy exceeds the sum of the kinetic, thermal, and magnetic energies immediately after the collision, the cloud undergoes gravitational collapse. Conversely, if the gravitational energy is smaller, the cloud expands. In addition, we estimate the upper limit of the collision velocity that enables hub-filament formation and identify the collision conditions favorable for massive star formation. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_20835 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Evolution of compressed clouds formed by filament coalescence. I. Oblique collisions Kashiwagi, Raiga Iwasaki, Kazunari Tomisaka, Kohji Inoue, Tsuyoshi Astrophysics of Galaxies Stars are thought to form predominantly within filamentary molecular clouds. Recent studies have suggested that active star formation, including the formation of stellar clusters and massive stars, occurs within so-called "hub" structures, where multiple filaments converge. Understanding the formation and evolution of such hub-filament systems is therefore essential for unveiling the physical processes responsible for cluster and massive star formation, although the full picture remains incomplete. To address this, we have focused on filament-filament collisions as a potential formation mechanism of the hubs. In this study, we investigate the fundamental evolutionary processes of oblique collisions between two magnetized filaments using three-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamical simulations. As a model of initial filaments, we consider two identical finite-length magnetized filaments, varying the collision angle between their long axes, the collision velocity, which is set perpendicular to the long axes, and the initial line mass. We find that as the collision angle decreases from orthogonal to parallel, the compressed cloud becomes more prone to gravitational collapse. In addition, the instability of the post-collision compressed cloud can be explained by its energy balance. Specifically, if the absolute value of the gravitational energy exceeds the sum of the kinetic, thermal, and magnetic energies immediately after the collision, the cloud undergoes gravitational collapse. Conversely, if the gravitational energy is smaller, the cloud expands. In addition, we estimate the upper limit of the collision velocity that enables hub-filament formation and identify the collision conditions favorable for massive star formation. |
| title | Evolution of compressed clouds formed by filament coalescence. I. Oblique collisions |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20835 |