Impact of matter effects on the unitarity test of lepton mixing
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866911700889894912 |
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| author | Kitano, Ryuichiro Sato, Joe Sugama, Sho |
| author_facet | Kitano, Ryuichiro Sato, Joe Sugama, Sho |
| contents | Testing the unitarity of the lepton mixing matrix, in a manner analogous to the unitarity tests of the CKM matrix in the quark sector, is an important step toward probing physics beyond the standard three-generation framework. In long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, the formula of the oscillation probabilities can be written as a sum of terms with various combinations of the mixing-matrix elements, and their coefficients depend differently on energy. By observing the spectral information of long baseline experiments such as T2HK and a future neutrino factory at J-PARC with a $ν_e$ beam, the elements of the mixing matrix can be extracted without assuming a specific parametrization of the mixing matrix. We investigate how such an extraction method can be applied to neutrino oscillations by taking into account matter effects, and discuss how one can test unitarity of the mixing matrix in future long baseline experiments. As a concrete example, we examine the unitarity test by using a four-generation model, where we look at a quantity which should be vanishing in a unitary model. Among possible combinations of measurements, the most powerful test can be provided from the energy spectra of the CP-conjugate appearance channels $ν_μ\to ν_e$ and $\barν_μ\to \barν_e$ at T2HK, as well as from the T-conjugate pair $ν_μ\to ν_e$ and $ν_e \to ν_μ$ available at neutrino factories. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_20859 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Impact of matter effects on the unitarity test of lepton mixing Kitano, Ryuichiro Sato, Joe Sugama, Sho High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Experiment Testing the unitarity of the lepton mixing matrix, in a manner analogous to the unitarity tests of the CKM matrix in the quark sector, is an important step toward probing physics beyond the standard three-generation framework. In long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, the formula of the oscillation probabilities can be written as a sum of terms with various combinations of the mixing-matrix elements, and their coefficients depend differently on energy. By observing the spectral information of long baseline experiments such as T2HK and a future neutrino factory at J-PARC with a $ν_e$ beam, the elements of the mixing matrix can be extracted without assuming a specific parametrization of the mixing matrix. We investigate how such an extraction method can be applied to neutrino oscillations by taking into account matter effects, and discuss how one can test unitarity of the mixing matrix in future long baseline experiments. As a concrete example, we examine the unitarity test by using a four-generation model, where we look at a quantity which should be vanishing in a unitary model. Among possible combinations of measurements, the most powerful test can be provided from the energy spectra of the CP-conjugate appearance channels $ν_μ\to ν_e$ and $\barν_μ\to \barν_e$ at T2HK, as well as from the T-conjugate pair $ν_μ\to ν_e$ and $ν_e \to ν_μ$ available at neutrino factories. |
| title | Impact of matter effects on the unitarity test of lepton mixing |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20859 |