Symmetry-Protected Fast Relaxation and the Strong Quantum Mpemba Effect
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866918513794351104 |
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| author | Wei, Zijun Xu, Mingdi Song, Yefeng Yan, Yangqian Pan, Lei |
| author_facet | Wei, Zijun Xu, Mingdi Song, Yefeng Yan, Yangqian Pan, Lei |
| contents | Understanding how symmetry constrains dissipative relaxation in open quantum many-body systems remains a central challenge in nonequilibrium physics. Here we uncover a symmetry-selective Liouvillian mechanism that protects an isolated fast-decay channel in a long-range XXZ spin chain subject to dephasing noise. At the \(SU(2)\)-symmetric point, highly symmetric initial states couple exclusively to an exact Liouvillian eigenmode with decay rate \(λ=-2\), producing universal exponential relaxation independent of system size and interaction range. Breaking the symmetry restores overlap with slow Liouvillian modes and substantially suppresses the relaxation dynamics. This symmetry-filtered mode accessibility naturally gives rise to a strong quantum Mpemba effect, where a state farther from the steady state relaxes anomalously faster than closer thermal states. Our results establish symmetry-protected fast relaxation as a mechanism for controlling nonequilibrium pathways in open quantum systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_20930 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Symmetry-Protected Fast Relaxation and the Strong Quantum Mpemba Effect Wei, Zijun Xu, Mingdi Song, Yefeng Yan, Yangqian Pan, Lei Quantum Physics Quantum Gases Understanding how symmetry constrains dissipative relaxation in open quantum many-body systems remains a central challenge in nonequilibrium physics. Here we uncover a symmetry-selective Liouvillian mechanism that protects an isolated fast-decay channel in a long-range XXZ spin chain subject to dephasing noise. At the \(SU(2)\)-symmetric point, highly symmetric initial states couple exclusively to an exact Liouvillian eigenmode with decay rate \(λ=-2\), producing universal exponential relaxation independent of system size and interaction range. Breaking the symmetry restores overlap with slow Liouvillian modes and substantially suppresses the relaxation dynamics. This symmetry-filtered mode accessibility naturally gives rise to a strong quantum Mpemba effect, where a state farther from the steady state relaxes anomalously faster than closer thermal states. Our results establish symmetry-protected fast relaxation as a mechanism for controlling nonequilibrium pathways in open quantum systems. |
| title | Symmetry-Protected Fast Relaxation and the Strong Quantum Mpemba Effect |
| topic | Quantum Physics Quantum Gases |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20930 |