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Main Authors: Du, Xuan, Yan, Qiangyu, Li, Wenshuo, Jiang, Borui, Xiao, Changming, Shu, Han, Chen, Xinghao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20946
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author Du, Xuan
Yan, Qiangyu
Li, Wenshuo
Jiang, Borui
Xiao, Changming
Shu, Han
Chen, Xinghao
author_facet Du, Xuan
Yan, Qiangyu
Li, Wenshuo
Jiang, Borui
Xiao, Changming
Shu, Han
Chen, Xinghao
contents The thinking-while-speaking paradigm aims to make AI communication more human. A key challenge is maintaining fluent speech while performing deep reasoning. Our method, InterRS, tackles this by inserting reasoning steps only during natural speech generation. This requires high-quality data where reasoning and speech are precisely aligned, and the length ratio are under controlled. We introduce a novel pipeline to generate such seamlessly interleaved audio data. To train our model, we combine interleaved SFT with refined data and reinforcement learning with two new rewards: a TA-Balance Reward to manage timing and thinking-answer ratio, and a Linguistic Quality Reward to refine expression. Experiments show our approach achieves 13% better performance on mathmatical and logic benchmarks while generating instant response like a spoken-language instruct model which outputs fast CoT response. Furthermore, our method generates more natural and fluent answers than prior methods.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_20946
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Thinking-while-speaking: A Controlled, Interleaved Reasoning Method for Real-Time Speech Generation
Du, Xuan
Yan, Qiangyu
Li, Wenshuo
Jiang, Borui
Xiao, Changming
Shu, Han
Chen, Xinghao
Computation and Language
The thinking-while-speaking paradigm aims to make AI communication more human. A key challenge is maintaining fluent speech while performing deep reasoning. Our method, InterRS, tackles this by inserting reasoning steps only during natural speech generation. This requires high-quality data where reasoning and speech are precisely aligned, and the length ratio are under controlled. We introduce a novel pipeline to generate such seamlessly interleaved audio data. To train our model, we combine interleaved SFT with refined data and reinforcement learning with two new rewards: a TA-Balance Reward to manage timing and thinking-answer ratio, and a Linguistic Quality Reward to refine expression. Experiments show our approach achieves 13% better performance on mathmatical and logic benchmarks while generating instant response like a spoken-language instruct model which outputs fast CoT response. Furthermore, our method generates more natural and fluent answers than prior methods.
title Thinking-while-speaking: A Controlled, Interleaved Reasoning Method for Real-Time Speech Generation
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20946