HD 38973 b -- a cold Saturn orbiting a Sun-like star

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Main Authors: Errico, Adriana, Wittenmyer, Robert A., Horner, Jonathan, Carter, Brad, Wallace, Alexander
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Errico, Adriana
Wittenmyer, Robert A.
Horner, Jonathan
Carter, Brad
Wallace, Alexander
author_facet Errico, Adriana
Wittenmyer, Robert A.
Horner, Jonathan
Carter, Brad
Wallace, Alexander
contents We report the detection of a long-period companion to the nearby solar-type star HD\,38973 using precision radial-velocity measurements. The radial-velocity data reveal a coherent Keplerian signal with a period of $\sim$3000~days and moderate eccentricity, yielding a minimum mass in the sub-Jovian regime. We complement the radial-velocity analysis with astrometric constraints from the \emph{Hipparcos--Gaia} Catalog of Accelerations (HGCA). Although no significant proper-motion anomaly is detected for HD\,38973, the absence of an astrometric signal provides an informative upper limit on the companion mass. By combining the radial-velocity posterior with the HGCA likelihood, we rule out high-mass solutions at low inclinations and derive a robust upper bound on the true companion mass. We find the best-fitting true mass to be $0.240_{-0.040}^{+0.102}\,M_{\rm Jup}$, on an orbit with period $2733^{+210}_{-190}$ days, making HD\,38973b a likely cold Saturn. This study highlights the diagnostic power of astrometric non-detections when combined with precision radial velocities, demonstrating that meaningful constraints on companion masses can be obtained even in the absence of a detected astrometric signal.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_21306
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle HD 38973 b -- a cold Saturn orbiting a Sun-like star
Errico, Adriana
Wittenmyer, Robert A.
Horner, Jonathan
Carter, Brad
Wallace, Alexander
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
We report the detection of a long-period companion to the nearby solar-type star HD\,38973 using precision radial-velocity measurements. The radial-velocity data reveal a coherent Keplerian signal with a period of $\sim$3000~days and moderate eccentricity, yielding a minimum mass in the sub-Jovian regime. We complement the radial-velocity analysis with astrometric constraints from the \emph{Hipparcos--Gaia} Catalog of Accelerations (HGCA). Although no significant proper-motion anomaly is detected for HD\,38973, the absence of an astrometric signal provides an informative upper limit on the companion mass. By combining the radial-velocity posterior with the HGCA likelihood, we rule out high-mass solutions at low inclinations and derive a robust upper bound on the true companion mass. We find the best-fitting true mass to be $0.240_{-0.040}^{+0.102}\,M_{\rm Jup}$, on an orbit with period $2733^{+210}_{-190}$ days, making HD\,38973b a likely cold Saturn. This study highlights the diagnostic power of astrometric non-detections when combined with precision radial velocities, demonstrating that meaningful constraints on companion masses can be obtained even in the absence of a detected astrometric signal.
title HD 38973 b -- a cold Saturn orbiting a Sun-like star
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21306