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Hauptverfasser: Ruan, Hongzhi, Liu, Pei, Ma, Weiliang, Li, Zhengning, Zhang, Xueyang, Ma, Jun, Xu, Dan, Zhan, Kun
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21372
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author Ruan, Hongzhi
Liu, Pei
Ma, Weiliang
Li, Zhengning
Zhang, Xueyang
Ma, Jun
Xu, Dan
Zhan, Kun
author_facet Ruan, Hongzhi
Liu, Pei
Ma, Weiliang
Li, Zhengning
Zhang, Xueyang
Ma, Jun
Xu, Dan
Zhan, Kun
contents Data scaling is fundamental to modern deep learning, and grows increasingly critical as autonomous driving shifts to end-to-end learning. Real-world driving data is expensive to annotate and scene-biased, making real-synthetic co-training with near-infinite synthetic data a promising direction. However, naively incorporating all available synthetic data is inefficient and leads to distribution shifts, and optimizing data mixture under practical training budgets remains a critical yet under-explored problem. In this sense, we claim that the mixture of training data requires clear guidance in terms of scene types and quantities. Particularly in this work, we conceptualize the data mixture approximately as a dynamic optimization process that iteratively adjusts the training data mixture to maximize model performance, guided by closed-loop evaluation feedback, and propose AutoScale, a fully automated closed-loop data engine unifying scene representation, data mixture optimization and retrieval, as well as model training and evaluation. Specifically, we propose Graph Regularized AutoEncoder (Graph-RAE) for driving scene representations, introduce Cluster-aware Gradient Ascent (Cluster-GA) for cluster-wise importance estimation and reweighting, and perform cluster-guided vector retrieval to select high-value samples. Experiments on NavSim demonstrate that AutoScale outperforms vanilla co-training and cross-domain baselines, achieving better performance with fewer synthetic samples under constrained budgets.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_21372
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Closed Loop Dynamic Driving Data Mixture for Real-Synthetic Co-Training
Ruan, Hongzhi
Liu, Pei
Ma, Weiliang
Li, Zhengning
Zhang, Xueyang
Ma, Jun
Xu, Dan
Zhan, Kun
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Robotics
Data scaling is fundamental to modern deep learning, and grows increasingly critical as autonomous driving shifts to end-to-end learning. Real-world driving data is expensive to annotate and scene-biased, making real-synthetic co-training with near-infinite synthetic data a promising direction. However, naively incorporating all available synthetic data is inefficient and leads to distribution shifts, and optimizing data mixture under practical training budgets remains a critical yet under-explored problem. In this sense, we claim that the mixture of training data requires clear guidance in terms of scene types and quantities. Particularly in this work, we conceptualize the data mixture approximately as a dynamic optimization process that iteratively adjusts the training data mixture to maximize model performance, guided by closed-loop evaluation feedback, and propose AutoScale, a fully automated closed-loop data engine unifying scene representation, data mixture optimization and retrieval, as well as model training and evaluation. Specifically, we propose Graph Regularized AutoEncoder (Graph-RAE) for driving scene representations, introduce Cluster-aware Gradient Ascent (Cluster-GA) for cluster-wise importance estimation and reweighting, and perform cluster-guided vector retrieval to select high-value samples. Experiments on NavSim demonstrate that AutoScale outperforms vanilla co-training and cross-domain baselines, achieving better performance with fewer synthetic samples under constrained budgets.
title Closed Loop Dynamic Driving Data Mixture for Real-Synthetic Co-Training
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21372