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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21944 |
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| _version_ | 1866911703665475584 |
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| author | Machfuudzoh, Izzah Horisaki, Ryoichi Sannomiya, Takumi |
| author_facet | Machfuudzoh, Izzah Horisaki, Ryoichi Sannomiya, Takumi |
| contents | Free-electron-based nanoscopy enables the study of optical excitations in materials with deep-subwavelength spatial resolution, with cathodoluminescence (CL) being one of the resulting radiation signals. When combined with an optical collection system, CL measurements can access multidimensional information of light; yet the phase of the emitted optical fields has remained largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate a reference-free phase retrieval approach for far-field CL wavefronts using the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm implemented with real-space and angular-space CL intensity data. Applying this approach to representative nanostructures, including a planar surface, nanosphere, plasmonic crystal, and nanowire, we reconstruct distinct phase distributions that reveal their underlying radiation mechanisms. This reference-free framework offers a robust and flexible route for retrieving the phase of electron-beam-excited optical fields without relying on a reference wave, making it readily extendable to a wide range of nanostructures. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_21944 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cathodoluminescence Wavefront Retrieval Machfuudzoh, Izzah Horisaki, Ryoichi Sannomiya, Takumi Optics Free-electron-based nanoscopy enables the study of optical excitations in materials with deep-subwavelength spatial resolution, with cathodoluminescence (CL) being one of the resulting radiation signals. When combined with an optical collection system, CL measurements can access multidimensional information of light; yet the phase of the emitted optical fields has remained largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate a reference-free phase retrieval approach for far-field CL wavefronts using the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm implemented with real-space and angular-space CL intensity data. Applying this approach to representative nanostructures, including a planar surface, nanosphere, plasmonic crystal, and nanowire, we reconstruct distinct phase distributions that reveal their underlying radiation mechanisms. This reference-free framework offers a robust and flexible route for retrieving the phase of electron-beam-excited optical fields without relying on a reference wave, making it readily extendable to a wide range of nanostructures. |
| title | Cathodoluminescence Wavefront Retrieval |
| topic | Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21944 |