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Main Authors: Rennick, Michael, Zhang, Xitong, Bingert, Tim Niklas, Krause, Mathias J., Kusumaatmaja, Halim
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22214
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author Rennick, Michael
Zhang, Xitong
Bingert, Tim Niklas
Krause, Mathias J.
Kusumaatmaja, Halim
author_facet Rennick, Michael
Zhang, Xitong
Bingert, Tim Niklas
Krause, Mathias J.
Kusumaatmaja, Halim
contents We present a free energy lattice Boltzmann model capable of simulating fluid systems with an arbitrary number of immiscible components in principle. Our method is strictly reduction consistent, ensuring that absent fluid components do not spontaneously nucleate. We introduce a novel discretization of the surface tension force that globally conserves momentum to machine precision, and we enforce reduction consistency through a flux correction that is independent of the mobility. The method is benchmarked with a range of static and dynamic problems, including: liquid lenses, Janus droplets, quaternary phase separation, and six-component layered Poiseuille flow, and we obtain excellent agreement with theoretical predictions throughout. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method through patterned liquid surfaces and microfluidic emulsion droplet generation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_22214
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle N-Component Free Energy Lattice Boltzmann Method with Reduction Consistency and Global Momentum Conservation
Rennick, Michael
Zhang, Xitong
Bingert, Tim Niklas
Krause, Mathias J.
Kusumaatmaja, Halim
Fluid Dynamics
We present a free energy lattice Boltzmann model capable of simulating fluid systems with an arbitrary number of immiscible components in principle. Our method is strictly reduction consistent, ensuring that absent fluid components do not spontaneously nucleate. We introduce a novel discretization of the surface tension force that globally conserves momentum to machine precision, and we enforce reduction consistency through a flux correction that is independent of the mobility. The method is benchmarked with a range of static and dynamic problems, including: liquid lenses, Janus droplets, quaternary phase separation, and six-component layered Poiseuille flow, and we obtain excellent agreement with theoretical predictions throughout. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method through patterned liquid surfaces and microfluidic emulsion droplet generation.
title N-Component Free Energy Lattice Boltzmann Method with Reduction Consistency and Global Momentum Conservation
topic Fluid Dynamics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22214