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Main Authors: Zhang, Hongbin, Gao, Ning, Dai, Yuqin, Wu, Ruiyuan, Wang, Jinpeng, Gao, Rena Wei, Tan, Bingdong, Gao, Shuzheng, Li, Zongjie, Wang, Chaozheng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22240
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author Zhang, Hongbin
Gao, Ning
Dai, Yuqin
Wu, Ruiyuan
Wang, Jinpeng
Gao, Rena Wei
Tan, Bingdong
Gao, Shuzheng
Li, Zongjie
Wang, Chaozheng
author_facet Zhang, Hongbin
Gao, Ning
Dai, Yuqin
Wu, Ruiyuan
Wang, Jinpeng
Gao, Rena Wei
Tan, Bingdong
Gao, Shuzheng
Li, Zongjie
Wang, Chaozheng
contents Proactive task-oriented dialogue (TOD), such as outbound sales, demands a persuasive agent that actively probes the user's concerns and steers the conversation toward acceptance within a bounded number of turns. Yet post-trained LLMs are inherently conservative, and reward-shaping RL (e.g., GRPO) struggles since it only re-weights what an already passive policy samples. We show that conditioning on the user's latent concerns unlocks proactive capability that no amount of sampling can undermine, establishing these concerns as a pivotal training-time signal. To operationalize this finding, we build the \textbf{Cognitive User Simulator}, which models each user as a stratified persona comprising observable external traits and hidden internal concerns. The simulator produces faithful and diverse interactions, while emitting per-turn state dynamics that track persuasion progress. We then introduce \textbf{Simulator-Induced Asymmetric-View Policy Optimization}, which converts the modeled concerns and the simulation state transition into complementary training objectives: (1) \emph{Asymmetric On-Policy Self-Distillation} that transfers concern-aware behavior from a privileged view of the same policy into its deployable, conversation-only view; and (2) \emph{State-Transition Policy Refinement} ...
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_22240
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unlocking Proactivity in Task-Oriented Dialogue
Zhang, Hongbin
Gao, Ning
Dai, Yuqin
Wu, Ruiyuan
Wang, Jinpeng
Gao, Rena Wei
Tan, Bingdong
Gao, Shuzheng
Li, Zongjie
Wang, Chaozheng
Artificial Intelligence
Proactive task-oriented dialogue (TOD), such as outbound sales, demands a persuasive agent that actively probes the user's concerns and steers the conversation toward acceptance within a bounded number of turns. Yet post-trained LLMs are inherently conservative, and reward-shaping RL (e.g., GRPO) struggles since it only re-weights what an already passive policy samples. We show that conditioning on the user's latent concerns unlocks proactive capability that no amount of sampling can undermine, establishing these concerns as a pivotal training-time signal. To operationalize this finding, we build the \textbf{Cognitive User Simulator}, which models each user as a stratified persona comprising observable external traits and hidden internal concerns. The simulator produces faithful and diverse interactions, while emitting per-turn state dynamics that track persuasion progress. We then introduce \textbf{Simulator-Induced Asymmetric-View Policy Optimization}, which converts the modeled concerns and the simulation state transition into complementary training objectives: (1) \emph{Asymmetric On-Policy Self-Distillation} that transfers concern-aware behavior from a privileged view of the same policy into its deployable, conversation-only view; and (2) \emph{State-Transition Policy Refinement} ...
title Unlocking Proactivity in Task-Oriented Dialogue
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22240