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Main Authors: Sánchez-de-Miguel, Celia, Mercado-Martínez, Antonio M., Soret, Beatriz, Jurado-Navas, Antonio, Castillo-Vázquez, Miguel
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22268
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author Sánchez-de-Miguel, Celia
Mercado-Martínez, Antonio M.
Soret, Beatriz
Jurado-Navas, Antonio
Castillo-Vázquez, Miguel
author_facet Sánchez-de-Miguel, Celia
Mercado-Martínez, Antonio M.
Soret, Beatriz
Jurado-Navas, Antonio
Castillo-Vázquez, Miguel
contents Earth Observation (EO) imagery is often degraded by atmospheric turbulence and pointing jitter; yet, these effects are rarely considered in datasets used to train AI-based detection models. Based on prior work, this paper presents an enhanced image simulator that enables the incorporation of vertical-path atmospheric turbulence and satellite pointing jitter, arising from platform and sensor vibrations, to generate physically realistic distorted images. As a case study, vessel detection is evaluated using YOLOv8 and RetinaNet on images generated by the proposed simulator under different levels of turbulence and pointing errors. Results show that YOLOv8 recall decreases from 91% under ideal conditions to 60% in the presence of weak turbulence, and falls below 40% under strong turbulence or jitter. In contrast, RetinaNet demonstrates greater robustness, maintaining approximately 75% recall across degraded conditions. These results highlight the importance of incorporating realistic physical degradations into EO training datasets to ensure reliable performance of AI-based models in operational environments, as demonstrated in maritime surveillance applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_22268
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Impact of Atmospheric Turbulence and Pointing Error on Earth Observation
Sánchez-de-Miguel, Celia
Mercado-Martínez, Antonio M.
Soret, Beatriz
Jurado-Navas, Antonio
Castillo-Vázquez, Miguel
Networking and Internet Architecture
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Earth Observation (EO) imagery is often degraded by atmospheric turbulence and pointing jitter; yet, these effects are rarely considered in datasets used to train AI-based detection models. Based on prior work, this paper presents an enhanced image simulator that enables the incorporation of vertical-path atmospheric turbulence and satellite pointing jitter, arising from platform and sensor vibrations, to generate physically realistic distorted images. As a case study, vessel detection is evaluated using YOLOv8 and RetinaNet on images generated by the proposed simulator under different levels of turbulence and pointing errors. Results show that YOLOv8 recall decreases from 91% under ideal conditions to 60% in the presence of weak turbulence, and falls below 40% under strong turbulence or jitter. In contrast, RetinaNet demonstrates greater robustness, maintaining approximately 75% recall across degraded conditions. These results highlight the importance of incorporating realistic physical degradations into EO training datasets to ensure reliable performance of AI-based models in operational environments, as demonstrated in maritime surveillance applications.
title Impact of Atmospheric Turbulence and Pointing Error on Earth Observation
topic Networking and Internet Architecture
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22268