Experimental Comparison of Local and Over-the-Air Phase Calibration for MIMO Arrays

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Collmann, Carl, Nimr, Ahmad, Fettweis, Gerhard
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Collmann, Carl
Nimr, Ahmad
Fettweis, Gerhard
author_facet Collmann, Carl
Nimr, Ahmad
Fettweis, Gerhard
contents Communication performance and channel estimation accuracy in MIMO systems are known to be limited by hardware impairments. Specifically, the presence of phase impairments, such as phase noise, makes real-time coherent transmission a challenging task. While phase impairment compensation is typically performed at the receiver, practical methods for enabling coherent transmission at the transmitter side remain underexplored. Established methods for OTA calibration of MIMO systems face several limitations such as assumptions of phase stationarity and accurate channel knowledge. In this work, a real-time local phase calibration method is experimentally compared with OTA calibration on a fully digital array of USRP X310 software-defined radios. Using RMS cycle-to-cycle jitter as a metric, it is shown that for low and high synchronization signal bandwidths, both approaches effectively eliminate phase drift and whiten the phase noise. Local calibration achieves higher phase stability and is channel-independent, whereas OTA calibration requires no additional hardware but is sensitive to multipath effects and channel-induced impairments. Practical deployment trade-offs are discussed based on the measurement results.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_22384
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Experimental Comparison of Local and Over-the-Air Phase Calibration for MIMO Arrays
Collmann, Carl
Nimr, Ahmad
Fettweis, Gerhard
Signal Processing
Communication performance and channel estimation accuracy in MIMO systems are known to be limited by hardware impairments. Specifically, the presence of phase impairments, such as phase noise, makes real-time coherent transmission a challenging task. While phase impairment compensation is typically performed at the receiver, practical methods for enabling coherent transmission at the transmitter side remain underexplored. Established methods for OTA calibration of MIMO systems face several limitations such as assumptions of phase stationarity and accurate channel knowledge. In this work, a real-time local phase calibration method is experimentally compared with OTA calibration on a fully digital array of USRP X310 software-defined radios. Using RMS cycle-to-cycle jitter as a metric, it is shown that for low and high synchronization signal bandwidths, both approaches effectively eliminate phase drift and whiten the phase noise. Local calibration achieves higher phase stability and is channel-independent, whereas OTA calibration requires no additional hardware but is sensitive to multipath effects and channel-induced impairments. Practical deployment trade-offs are discussed based on the measurement results.
title Experimental Comparison of Local and Over-the-Air Phase Calibration for MIMO Arrays
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22384