The Solar Dynamics Observatory in the Living With a Star Era: From Solar Observations to Predictive Heliophysics
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arXiv
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866910247412563968 |
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| author | Guhathakurta, Madhulika |
| author_facet | Guhathakurta, Madhulika |
| contents | The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), launched in 2010 as part of NASA's Living With a Star (LWS) program, represents a methodological transition in heliophysics: from identifying discrete solar events to characterizing the continuously evolving state of the solar atmosphere as the upstream boundary of a coupled Sun-heliosphere-geospace system. By providing co-registered, high-cadence, full-disk measurements via the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE), SDO has enabled the solar atmosphere to be treated as a dynamical system evolving in time. This capability has direct consequences for space-weather specification, ionospheric and thermospheric modeling, heliospheric transport, and the radiation environment relevant to human exploration beyond low Earth orbit. The mission's open-data policy has produced a uniform, continuously calibrated archive contributing to more than 8,400 peer-reviewed publications, enabling statistical, model-driven, and machine-learning approaches. The Space-weather HMI Active Region Patches (SHARPs) are used directly in operational flare probability forecasting and serve as the standard training dataset for machine-learning prediction systems. This perspective traces SDO's scientific lineage, infrastructure role, and the emerging applications of its archive to data-driven approaches and foundation models in the service of predictive heliophysics. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_22999 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Solar Dynamics Observatory in the Living With a Star Era: From Solar Observations to Predictive Heliophysics Guhathakurta, Madhulika Solar and Stellar Astrophysics The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), launched in 2010 as part of NASA's Living With a Star (LWS) program, represents a methodological transition in heliophysics: from identifying discrete solar events to characterizing the continuously evolving state of the solar atmosphere as the upstream boundary of a coupled Sun-heliosphere-geospace system. By providing co-registered, high-cadence, full-disk measurements via the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE), SDO has enabled the solar atmosphere to be treated as a dynamical system evolving in time. This capability has direct consequences for space-weather specification, ionospheric and thermospheric modeling, heliospheric transport, and the radiation environment relevant to human exploration beyond low Earth orbit. The mission's open-data policy has produced a uniform, continuously calibrated archive contributing to more than 8,400 peer-reviewed publications, enabling statistical, model-driven, and machine-learning approaches. The Space-weather HMI Active Region Patches (SHARPs) are used directly in operational flare probability forecasting and serve as the standard training dataset for machine-learning prediction systems. This perspective traces SDO's scientific lineage, infrastructure role, and the emerging applications of its archive to data-driven approaches and foundation models in the service of predictive heliophysics. |
| title | The Solar Dynamics Observatory in the Living With a Star Era: From Solar Observations to Predictive Heliophysics |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22999 |