KAPLAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Prognostic Learnable Activation Networks for Survival Analysis

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Logothetis, Stelios Boulitsakis, Wood, Angela, Liò, Pietro
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866914599992819712
author Logothetis, Stelios Boulitsakis
Wood, Angela
Liò, Pietro
author_facet Logothetis, Stelios Boulitsakis
Wood, Angela
Liò, Pietro
contents Survival analysis aims to model how covariates and time jointly shape the time-to-event distribution under right censoring. Classical methods such as the Cox model and generalised additive models (GAMs) require interactions and time-varying effects to be manually specified, which is increasingly impractical on rich clinical datasets. We introduce KAPLAN-HR, a B-spline Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) for nonparametric estimation of the conditional hazard as a joint function of covariates and time. A single-layer KAPLAN-HR model recovers a GAM, while deeper architectures capture interactions and time-varying effects through composition. We establish a convergence rate for the nonparametric KAN hazard estimator that depends only on the smoothness of the underlying KAN representation and not on the covariate dimension, thereby mitigating the curse of dimensionality for KAN-representable targets. In evaluations over six clinical benchmark datasets, KAPLAN-HR matches or exceeds the predictive performance of established statistical and deep learning survival methods.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_23082
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle KAPLAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Prognostic Learnable Activation Networks for Survival Analysis
Logothetis, Stelios Boulitsakis
Wood, Angela
Liò, Pietro
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Survival analysis aims to model how covariates and time jointly shape the time-to-event distribution under right censoring. Classical methods such as the Cox model and generalised additive models (GAMs) require interactions and time-varying effects to be manually specified, which is increasingly impractical on rich clinical datasets. We introduce KAPLAN-HR, a B-spline Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) for nonparametric estimation of the conditional hazard as a joint function of covariates and time. A single-layer KAPLAN-HR model recovers a GAM, while deeper architectures capture interactions and time-varying effects through composition. We establish a convergence rate for the nonparametric KAN hazard estimator that depends only on the smoothness of the underlying KAN representation and not on the covariate dimension, thereby mitigating the curse of dimensionality for KAN-representable targets. In evaluations over six clinical benchmark datasets, KAPLAN-HR matches or exceeds the predictive performance of established statistical and deep learning survival methods.
title KAPLAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Prognostic Learnable Activation Networks for Survival Analysis
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23082