Four Simple Proprioceptive Estimators for Legged Robots

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Dellaert, Frank, Noh, Chiyun, Agrawal, Varun, Kim, Ayoung
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Dellaert, Frank
Noh, Chiyun
Agrawal, Varun
Kim, Ayoung
author_facet Dellaert, Frank
Noh, Chiyun
Agrawal, Varun
Kim, Ayoung
contents Legged robots carry an IMU, but the inertial solution drifts because consumer-grade IMUs are noisy. However, the feet create intermittent contacts with the environment that can be used to mitigate that drift. This report develops a sequence of increasingly expressive legged robot state estimators that leverage this. In all cases, the floating-base state comprises attitude, position, velocity, and IMU biases. To model foot contacts, we start from the contact-aided invariant EKF of Hartley et al., albeit at a reduced contact update rate. This is then augmented by replacing the measurement update by a small factor graph. Finally, we turn the same factors into a fixed-lag smoother with contact-episode footholds, with and without an evolving IMU bias. To facilitate reproducibility and further research in proprioceptive legged odometry, all four variants are available in GTSAM (Dellaert et. al), and we additionally provide a ROS2-compatible implementation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_23100
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Four Simple Proprioceptive Estimators for Legged Robots
Dellaert, Frank
Noh, Chiyun
Agrawal, Varun
Kim, Ayoung
Robotics
Legged robots carry an IMU, but the inertial solution drifts because consumer-grade IMUs are noisy. However, the feet create intermittent contacts with the environment that can be used to mitigate that drift. This report develops a sequence of increasingly expressive legged robot state estimators that leverage this. In all cases, the floating-base state comprises attitude, position, velocity, and IMU biases. To model foot contacts, we start from the contact-aided invariant EKF of Hartley et al., albeit at a reduced contact update rate. This is then augmented by replacing the measurement update by a small factor graph. Finally, we turn the same factors into a fixed-lag smoother with contact-episode footholds, with and without an evolving IMU bias. To facilitate reproducibility and further research in proprioceptive legged odometry, all four variants are available in GTSAM (Dellaert et. al), and we additionally provide a ROS2-compatible implementation.
title Four Simple Proprioceptive Estimators for Legged Robots
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23100