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Constraining the Photon Intensity of Extragalactic Background Light with the HAWC Observatory for the Blazar Mrk 421

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Andrés, A., Anita-Rangel, E., Araya, M., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Babu, R., Bangale, P., Belmont-Moreno, E., Bernal, A., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Carreón, F., Colmenero-Cesar, A. L., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, Di Lalla, N., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Ergin, T., Espinoza, C., Fraija, N., Fraija, S., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, J. A., Ghosh, N., Muñoz, A. Gonzalez, González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Gyeong, J., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Huang, D., Iriarte, A., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Vargas, H. León, Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Martínez-Huerta, H., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Mirón-Enriquez, P. E., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Najafi, M., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Osorio-Archila, M., Ponce, E., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Pratts, A., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Roth, M., Sandoval, A., Shin, M., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Varela, E., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Wu, H., Yu, S., Zhang, X., Zhou, H., de León, C.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
Soggetti:
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
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author Alfaro, R.
Alvarez, C.
Andrés, A.
Anita-Rangel, E.
Araya, M.
Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.
Rojas, D. Avila
Babu, R.
Bangale, P.
Belmont-Moreno, E.
Bernal, A.
Capistrán, T.
Carramiñana, A.
Carreón, F.
Colmenero-Cesar, A. L.
Cotti, U.
Cotzomi, J.
de León, S. Coutiño
Di Lalla, N.
Hernandez, R. Diaz
Dingus, B. L.
DuVernois, M. A.
Ergin, T.
Espinoza, C.
Fraija, N.
Fraija, S.
García-González, J. A.
Garfias, F.
González, J. A.
Ghosh, N.
Muñoz, A. Gonzalez
González, M. M.
Goodman, J. A.
Groetsch, S.
Gyeong, J.
Hernández-Cadena, S.
Herzog, I.
Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F.
Huang, D.
Iriarte, A.
Kaufmann, S.
Kieda, D.
Vargas, H. León
Longinotti, A. L.
Luis-Raya, G.
Malone, K.
Martinez, O.
Martínez-Castro, J.
Martínez-Huerta, H.
Miranda-Romagnoli, P.
Mirón-Enriquez, P. E.
Moreno, E.
Mostafá, M.
Najafi, M.
Nellen, L.
Nisa, M. U.
Noriega-Papaqui, R.
Osorio-Archila, M.
Ponce, E.
Araujo, Y. Pérez
Pérez-Pérez, E. G.
Pratts, A.
Rho, C. D.
Rosa-González, D.
Roth, M.
Sandoval, A.
Shin, M.
Smith, A. J.
Son, Y.
Springer, R. W.
Tibolla, O.
Torres, I.
Torres-Escobedo, R.
Varela, E.
Villaseñor, L.
Wang, X.
Watson, I. J.
Wu, H.
Yu, S.
Zhang, X.
Zhou, H.
de León, C.
author_facet Alfaro, R.
Alvarez, C.
Andrés, A.
Anita-Rangel, E.
Araya, M.
Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.
Rojas, D. Avila
Babu, R.
Bangale, P.
Belmont-Moreno, E.
Bernal, A.
Capistrán, T.
Carramiñana, A.
Carreón, F.
Colmenero-Cesar, A. L.
Cotti, U.
Cotzomi, J.
de León, S. Coutiño
Di Lalla, N.
Hernandez, R. Diaz
Dingus, B. L.
DuVernois, M. A.
Ergin, T.
Espinoza, C.
Fraija, N.
Fraija, S.
García-González, J. A.
Garfias, F.
González, J. A.
Ghosh, N.
Muñoz, A. Gonzalez
González, M. M.
Goodman, J. A.
Groetsch, S.
Gyeong, J.
Hernández-Cadena, S.
Herzog, I.
Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F.
Huang, D.
Iriarte, A.
Kaufmann, S.
Kieda, D.
Vargas, H. León
Longinotti, A. L.
Luis-Raya, G.
Malone, K.
Martinez, O.
Martínez-Castro, J.
Martínez-Huerta, H.
Miranda-Romagnoli, P.
Mirón-Enriquez, P. E.
Moreno, E.
Mostafá, M.
Najafi, M.
Nellen, L.
Nisa, M. U.
Noriega-Papaqui, R.
Osorio-Archila, M.
Ponce, E.
Araujo, Y. Pérez
Pérez-Pérez, E. G.
Pratts, A.
Rho, C. D.
Rosa-González, D.
Roth, M.
Sandoval, A.
Shin, M.
Smith, A. J.
Son, Y.
Springer, R. W.
Tibolla, O.
Torres, I.
Torres-Escobedo, R.
Varela, E.
Villaseñor, L.
Wang, X.
Watson, I. J.
Wu, H.
Yu, S.
Zhang, X.
Zhou, H.
de León, C.
contents The blazar Mrk 421 exhibits rapid variability over a wide range of timescales. Spectral differences have been observed during the different emission states of Mrk 421. During the high emission states, tests to constraint the Hubble constant and the photon intensity of Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) can be performed. The HAWC observatory provides an exceptionally long term monitoring of the source at TeV energies. We selected periods of high emission state and low emission state in data with total observation time of 2460 transits from the HAWC observatory using the All-sky Root around in an Unbiased way methodology. We report on evidence of a cutoff in the spectrum of Mrk 421 during high emission states. An Exponential Cutoff Power Law is preferred over a Simple Power Law at a $3.8\,σ$ level. In the Exponential Cutoff Power Law, the cutoff is found at $13\pm3~\text{TeV}$. Using this result, we provide upper limits on the specific intensity of EBL photons. Moreover, the value of the energy cutoff found in our analysis is different from the cutoff expected by the interaction of gamma-rays with EBL photons. This result indicates that the cutoff is intrinsic to the source.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_23107
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Constraining the Photon Intensity of Extragalactic Background Light with the HAWC Observatory for the Blazar Mrk 421
Alfaro, R.
Alvarez, C.
Andrés, A.
Anita-Rangel, E.
Araya, M.
Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.
Rojas, D. Avila
Babu, R.
Bangale, P.
Belmont-Moreno, E.
Bernal, A.
Capistrán, T.
Carramiñana, A.
Carreón, F.
Colmenero-Cesar, A. L.
Cotti, U.
Cotzomi, J.
de León, S. Coutiño
Di Lalla, N.
Hernandez, R. Diaz
Dingus, B. L.
DuVernois, M. A.
Ergin, T.
Espinoza, C.
Fraija, N.
Fraija, S.
García-González, J. A.
Garfias, F.
González, J. A.
Ghosh, N.
Muñoz, A. Gonzalez
González, M. M.
Goodman, J. A.
Groetsch, S.
Gyeong, J.
Hernández-Cadena, S.
Herzog, I.
Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F.
Huang, D.
Iriarte, A.
Kaufmann, S.
Kieda, D.
Vargas, H. León
Longinotti, A. L.
Luis-Raya, G.
Malone, K.
Martinez, O.
Martínez-Castro, J.
Martínez-Huerta, H.
Miranda-Romagnoli, P.
Mirón-Enriquez, P. E.
Moreno, E.
Mostafá, M.
Najafi, M.
Nellen, L.
Nisa, M. U.
Noriega-Papaqui, R.
Osorio-Archila, M.
Ponce, E.
Araujo, Y. Pérez
Pérez-Pérez, E. G.
Pratts, A.
Rho, C. D.
Rosa-González, D.
Roth, M.
Sandoval, A.
Shin, M.
Smith, A. J.
Son, Y.
Springer, R. W.
Tibolla, O.
Torres, I.
Torres-Escobedo, R.
Varela, E.
Villaseñor, L.
Wang, X.
Watson, I. J.
Wu, H.
Yu, S.
Zhang, X.
Zhou, H.
de León, C.
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
The blazar Mrk 421 exhibits rapid variability over a wide range of timescales. Spectral differences have been observed during the different emission states of Mrk 421. During the high emission states, tests to constraint the Hubble constant and the photon intensity of Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) can be performed. The HAWC observatory provides an exceptionally long term monitoring of the source at TeV energies. We selected periods of high emission state and low emission state in data with total observation time of 2460 transits from the HAWC observatory using the All-sky Root around in an Unbiased way methodology. We report on evidence of a cutoff in the spectrum of Mrk 421 during high emission states. An Exponential Cutoff Power Law is preferred over a Simple Power Law at a $3.8\,σ$ level. In the Exponential Cutoff Power Law, the cutoff is found at $13\pm3~\text{TeV}$. Using this result, we provide upper limits on the specific intensity of EBL photons. Moreover, the value of the energy cutoff found in our analysis is different from the cutoff expected by the interaction of gamma-rays with EBL photons. This result indicates that the cutoff is intrinsic to the source.
title Constraining the Photon Intensity of Extragalactic Background Light with the HAWC Observatory for the Blazar Mrk 421
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23107

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