Experimental Evaluation of LPWAN Technologies: mioty, LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT, and LTE-M in Deep Indoor Environments
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866914591414419456 |
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| author | Röhrig, Christof Cramer, Benz |
| author_facet | Röhrig, Christof Cramer, Benz |
| contents | Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) are often used in applications such as Smart City, Smart Buildings and Smart Metering. Energy meters are often located in underground spaces that are difficult to reach with wireless technology. This paper presents an experimental study comparing different LPWAN technologies in terms of building penetration. The technologies mioty, Low Power Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN), Sigfox, Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT), and Long Term Evolution for Machines (LTE-M) are evaluated experimentally. The aim of the research is to investigate the performance of building penetration of different radio technologies in real-life scenarios. The measurements are performed with inexpensive off-the-shelf equipment. The results of the study are integrated in the metering system of the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_23483 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Experimental Evaluation of LPWAN Technologies: mioty, LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT, and LTE-M in Deep Indoor Environments Röhrig, Christof Cramer, Benz Networking and Internet Architecture Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) are often used in applications such as Smart City, Smart Buildings and Smart Metering. Energy meters are often located in underground spaces that are difficult to reach with wireless technology. This paper presents an experimental study comparing different LPWAN technologies in terms of building penetration. The technologies mioty, Low Power Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN), Sigfox, Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT), and Long Term Evolution for Machines (LTE-M) are evaluated experimentally. The aim of the research is to investigate the performance of building penetration of different radio technologies in real-life scenarios. The measurements are performed with inexpensive off-the-shelf equipment. The results of the study are integrated in the metering system of the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts. |
| title | Experimental Evaluation of LPWAN Technologies: mioty, LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT, and LTE-M in Deep Indoor Environments |
| topic | Networking and Internet Architecture |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23483 |