OptiQU: Coordinated Multi-Level Voltage and Reactive Power Control for Enhanced Voltage Quality and Secure Grid Operation
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Hammermeister, Irene Tönges, Eric Bornhorst, Nils Heid, Johannes Fritzler, Gabriela Rehwald, Timo Schoen, Andrea Halbauer, Ronald Meschede, Jan Kramer, Michael Holl, Julia Straußberger, Sina Luzhbin, Andrey Niedhammer, Maximilian Geiger, Mischa Eicker, Aaron Raetsch, Maurice Spina, Alfio Dieplinger, Johannes Mayer, Christian Bayer, Josef Reske, Thorsten Hilbrich, Dominik |
| author_facet | Hammermeister, Irene Tönges, Eric Bornhorst, Nils Heid, Johannes Fritzler, Gabriela Rehwald, Timo Schoen, Andrea Halbauer, Ronald Meschede, Jan Kramer, Michael Holl, Julia Straußberger, Sina Luzhbin, Andrey Niedhammer, Maximilian Geiger, Mischa Eicker, Aaron Raetsch, Maurice Spina, Alfio Dieplinger, Johannes Mayer, Christian Bayer, Josef Reske, Thorsten Hilbrich, Dominik |
| contents | Modern low-voltage (LV) distribution grids face rising shares of photovoltaic generation and high-power loads such as heat pumps and electric vehicle charging stations. Due to high simultaneity, voltage constraints often become binding before thermal limits, triggering costly conventional grid reinforcement measures. Existing voltage and reactive power control in LV grids - e.g., fixed cos($ϕ$) or Q(V) control of distributed generators, on-load tap-changing distribution transformers, and line voltage regulators - is typically applied locally and independently, leaving reactive power flexibility potential unused. This paper presents OptiQU, a coordinated voltage and reactive power control concept for medium-voltage (MV) and LV distribution grids, combining centralised optimisation with decentralised local control and fallback strategies. The approach coordinates operational targets and setpoints across MV and LV (e.g., DER reactive power and substation equipment) to mitigate voltage violations and curtailment and to increase hosting capacity, while enabling robust operation under limited communication. The concepts are being evaluated using representative MV/LV models in simulation and lab environments and will be validated in field tests with two German DSOs. Based on existing research, the coordinated approach is expected to increase the exploitable flexibility for upstream voltage and reactive power control. The planned evaluation will quantify this potential and investigate trade-offs between performance, communication effort, and resilience. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_23505 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | OptiQU: Coordinated Multi-Level Voltage and Reactive Power Control for Enhanced Voltage Quality and Secure Grid Operation Hammermeister, Irene Tönges, Eric Bornhorst, Nils Heid, Johannes Fritzler, Gabriela Rehwald, Timo Schoen, Andrea Halbauer, Ronald Meschede, Jan Kramer, Michael Holl, Julia Straußberger, Sina Luzhbin, Andrey Niedhammer, Maximilian Geiger, Mischa Eicker, Aaron Raetsch, Maurice Spina, Alfio Dieplinger, Johannes Mayer, Christian Bayer, Josef Reske, Thorsten Hilbrich, Dominik Systems and Control Modern low-voltage (LV) distribution grids face rising shares of photovoltaic generation and high-power loads such as heat pumps and electric vehicle charging stations. Due to high simultaneity, voltage constraints often become binding before thermal limits, triggering costly conventional grid reinforcement measures. Existing voltage and reactive power control in LV grids - e.g., fixed cos($ϕ$) or Q(V) control of distributed generators, on-load tap-changing distribution transformers, and line voltage regulators - is typically applied locally and independently, leaving reactive power flexibility potential unused. This paper presents OptiQU, a coordinated voltage and reactive power control concept for medium-voltage (MV) and LV distribution grids, combining centralised optimisation with decentralised local control and fallback strategies. The approach coordinates operational targets and setpoints across MV and LV (e.g., DER reactive power and substation equipment) to mitigate voltage violations and curtailment and to increase hosting capacity, while enabling robust operation under limited communication. The concepts are being evaluated using representative MV/LV models in simulation and lab environments and will be validated in field tests with two German DSOs. Based on existing research, the coordinated approach is expected to increase the exploitable flexibility for upstream voltage and reactive power control. The planned evaluation will quantify this potential and investigate trade-offs between performance, communication effort, and resilience. |
| title | OptiQU: Coordinated Multi-Level Voltage and Reactive Power Control for Enhanced Voltage Quality and Secure Grid Operation |
| topic | Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23505 |