Studies on photon-feedback and LaB$_6$ photocathode for the GasPM development
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866910247791099904 |
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| author | Garnero, Simone Inami, Kenji Matsuoka, Kodai Okubo, Ryogo Ueda, Koichi |
| author_facet | Garnero, Simone Inami, Kenji Matsuoka, Kodai Okubo, Ryogo Ueda, Koichi |
| contents | We present new developments, based on beam tests and cosmic rays, on the gaseous photomultiplier (GasPM). The GasPM detects photons by combining a photocathode with a resistive-plate-chamber avalanche. It achieves $\mathcal{O}$(10) ps time resolution with affordable scalability. The GasPM provides precise and efficient Cherenkov-based charged-particle identification too when combined with a radiator. Our target application in a future Belle II upgrade aims at suppressing beam-induced background photons, which are typically detected off-collision time, that spoil the electromagnetic calorimeter performance. We reached 25 ps single-photon time-resolution at 3.3x10$^6$ gain in 2022, using a picosecond-pulse laser and a LaB$_6$ photocathode. However, electrons entering through a MgF$_2$ window upstream of a CsI photocathode showed a worsening to 70 ps in a 2023 test. Here we aim at addressing the chief causes of the observed degradation. We focus on ultraviolet-photon emission from the de-excitation of the gas molecules, which generates a secondary "photon-feedback" signal overlapping the primary one, and degrading time resolution. We conceive and operate an improved beam test that, along with multiple device-configuration changes, employes a new 10 GSPS frequency digitizer to separate the photon-feedback signal from the genuine signal. We also use cosmic-rays on a LaB$_6$ photocathode, which has higher than CsI's resistance to air and to ions drifting backwards onto the photocathode, to explore its quantum efficiency. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_23542 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Studies on photon-feedback and LaB$_6$ photocathode for the GasPM development Garnero, Simone Inami, Kenji Matsuoka, Kodai Okubo, Ryogo Ueda, Koichi Instrumentation and Detectors High Energy Physics - Experiment We present new developments, based on beam tests and cosmic rays, on the gaseous photomultiplier (GasPM). The GasPM detects photons by combining a photocathode with a resistive-plate-chamber avalanche. It achieves $\mathcal{O}$(10) ps time resolution with affordable scalability. The GasPM provides precise and efficient Cherenkov-based charged-particle identification too when combined with a radiator. Our target application in a future Belle II upgrade aims at suppressing beam-induced background photons, which are typically detected off-collision time, that spoil the electromagnetic calorimeter performance. We reached 25 ps single-photon time-resolution at 3.3x10$^6$ gain in 2022, using a picosecond-pulse laser and a LaB$_6$ photocathode. However, electrons entering through a MgF$_2$ window upstream of a CsI photocathode showed a worsening to 70 ps in a 2023 test. Here we aim at addressing the chief causes of the observed degradation. We focus on ultraviolet-photon emission from the de-excitation of the gas molecules, which generates a secondary "photon-feedback" signal overlapping the primary one, and degrading time resolution. We conceive and operate an improved beam test that, along with multiple device-configuration changes, employes a new 10 GSPS frequency digitizer to separate the photon-feedback signal from the genuine signal. We also use cosmic-rays on a LaB$_6$ photocathode, which has higher than CsI's resistance to air and to ions drifting backwards onto the photocathode, to explore its quantum efficiency. |
| title | Studies on photon-feedback and LaB$_6$ photocathode for the GasPM development |
| topic | Instrumentation and Detectors High Energy Physics - Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23542 |