An extremely bright slow-rising afterglow from an off-axis jet in GRB 260310A
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Yang, Yu-Han Ricci, Roberto Troja, Eleonora Yadav, Muskan Yin, Yi-Han Iris Sánchez-Ramírez, Rubén O'Connor, Brendan Passaleva, Niccoló Castro-Tirado, Alberto J. van Eerten, Hendrik Dichiara, Simone Galluzzi, Vincenzo Dehsorkh, Narjes Shahamat Agudo, Iván Aceituno, Jesús Busmann, Malte Caballero-García, María D. Fernández-García, Emilio Gruen, Daniel Gritsevich, Maria Guziy, Sergiy Hiriart, David Hu, You-Dong Jelínek, Martin Kutyrev, Alexander Malenakova, Alzbeta Novotny, Filip Pérez-García, Ignacio Pandey, Shashi B. Ryske, Jorma Sota, Alfredo Strobl, Jan Waseem, Hira Wu, Siyu |
| author_facet | Yang, Yu-Han Ricci, Roberto Troja, Eleonora Yadav, Muskan Yin, Yi-Han Iris Sánchez-Ramírez, Rubén O'Connor, Brendan Passaleva, Niccoló Castro-Tirado, Alberto J. van Eerten, Hendrik Dichiara, Simone Galluzzi, Vincenzo Dehsorkh, Narjes Shahamat Agudo, Iván Aceituno, Jesús Busmann, Malte Caballero-García, María D. Fernández-García, Emilio Gruen, Daniel Gritsevich, Maria Guziy, Sergiy Hiriart, David Hu, You-Dong Jelínek, Martin Kutyrev, Alexander Malenakova, Alzbeta Novotny, Filip Pérez-García, Ignacio Pandey, Shashi B. Ryske, Jorma Sota, Alfredo Strobl, Jan Waseem, Hira Wu, Siyu |
| contents | We present a multi-wavelength study of GRB 260310A, a nearby long-duration gamma-ray burst at $z\simeq0.153$ associated with a broad-lined Type Ic supernova. Despite its modest prompt gamma-ray output, $E_{γ,\rm iso}\simeq3.5\times10^{50}$ erg, GRB\,260310A exhibits one of the brightest afterglows ever observed in the X-ray, optical, and radio bands. Its apparent brightness is not its only remarkable feature. The optical afterglow displays a delayed onset, characterized by a slow rising phase, with slope $α\approx-1$, and a late peak at $\approx$0.1 d. We argue that the combination of weak prompt emission, hard peak energy, and late afterglow onset is naturally explained by a GRB jet viewed off-axis. The radio spectral energy distributions are consistent with synchrotron radiation and indicate the presence of both reverse- and forward-shock components, thus providing a first test of reverse-shock models in an off-axis geometry. The X-ray afterglow displays a prominent rebrightening, monitored for up to $\approx$68 d with no evidence of spectral evolution. A low level of linear polarization, $Π\approx1.7\%$, is measured at 15 GHz at $T_0+55$ d and suggests that, at these late times, the forward-shock is the dominant emission component from radio to X-rays. This late-time rebrightening represents a critical test for the two-component jet model. If interpreted as the emergence of a narrow jet core viewed further off-axis, it would imply extreme luminosities and energetics for an on-axis observer. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_23818 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | An extremely bright slow-rising afterglow from an off-axis jet in GRB 260310A Yang, Yu-Han Ricci, Roberto Troja, Eleonora Yadav, Muskan Yin, Yi-Han Iris Sánchez-Ramírez, Rubén O'Connor, Brendan Passaleva, Niccoló Castro-Tirado, Alberto J. van Eerten, Hendrik Dichiara, Simone Galluzzi, Vincenzo Dehsorkh, Narjes Shahamat Agudo, Iván Aceituno, Jesús Busmann, Malte Caballero-García, María D. Fernández-García, Emilio Gruen, Daniel Gritsevich, Maria Guziy, Sergiy Hiriart, David Hu, You-Dong Jelínek, Martin Kutyrev, Alexander Malenakova, Alzbeta Novotny, Filip Pérez-García, Ignacio Pandey, Shashi B. Ryske, Jorma Sota, Alfredo Strobl, Jan Waseem, Hira Wu, Siyu High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We present a multi-wavelength study of GRB 260310A, a nearby long-duration gamma-ray burst at $z\simeq0.153$ associated with a broad-lined Type Ic supernova. Despite its modest prompt gamma-ray output, $E_{γ,\rm iso}\simeq3.5\times10^{50}$ erg, GRB\,260310A exhibits one of the brightest afterglows ever observed in the X-ray, optical, and radio bands. Its apparent brightness is not its only remarkable feature. The optical afterglow displays a delayed onset, characterized by a slow rising phase, with slope $α\approx-1$, and a late peak at $\approx$0.1 d. We argue that the combination of weak prompt emission, hard peak energy, and late afterglow onset is naturally explained by a GRB jet viewed off-axis. The radio spectral energy distributions are consistent with synchrotron radiation and indicate the presence of both reverse- and forward-shock components, thus providing a first test of reverse-shock models in an off-axis geometry. The X-ray afterglow displays a prominent rebrightening, monitored for up to $\approx$68 d with no evidence of spectral evolution. A low level of linear polarization, $Π\approx1.7\%$, is measured at 15 GHz at $T_0+55$ d and suggests that, at these late times, the forward-shock is the dominant emission component from radio to X-rays. This late-time rebrightening represents a critical test for the two-component jet model. If interpreted as the emergence of a narrow jet core viewed further off-axis, it would imply extreme luminosities and energetics for an on-axis observer. |
| title | An extremely bright slow-rising afterglow from an off-axis jet in GRB 260310A |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23818 |