BoxLitE: A Faithful Knowledge Base Embedding Based on Convex Optimization

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Lourenço, Bruno F., Morgan, Hesham, Ozaki, Ana, Pavlović, Aleksandar, Sallinger, Emanuel
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Lourenço, Bruno F.
Morgan, Hesham
Ozaki, Ana
Pavlović, Aleksandar
Sallinger, Emanuel
author_facet Lourenço, Bruno F.
Morgan, Hesham
Ozaki, Ana
Pavlović, Aleksandar
Sallinger, Emanuel
contents Knowledge base (KB) embeddings aim at combining the capability of classical knowledge graph embeddings to generalize the information present in facts, the ABox, with conceptual knowledge represented in an ontology language, the TBox. Several authors have recently explored the idea of mapping concepts to convex regions in a vector space. This is useful to represent hierarchies, typically present in TBoxes, since more general concepts can be mapped to larger regions, containing those regions associated with more specific concepts. However, the power of convexity is rarely leveraged during the actual learning tasks. Here, we introduce BoxLitE, a KB embedding model for DL-Lite$^{\mathcal{H}}$ that allows for convex optimization. We show that for any satisfiable DL-Lite$^{\mathcal{H}}$ KB, there is a BoxLitE embedding that is a weakly faithful model. As a proof of concept, we show how to formulate the KB embedding task as a convex optimization problem and how to obtain embeddings with such desirable faithfulness properties.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_23937
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle BoxLitE: A Faithful Knowledge Base Embedding Based on Convex Optimization
Lourenço, Bruno F.
Morgan, Hesham
Ozaki, Ana
Pavlović, Aleksandar
Sallinger, Emanuel
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Logic in Computer Science
Optimization and Control
Knowledge base (KB) embeddings aim at combining the capability of classical knowledge graph embeddings to generalize the information present in facts, the ABox, with conceptual knowledge represented in an ontology language, the TBox. Several authors have recently explored the idea of mapping concepts to convex regions in a vector space. This is useful to represent hierarchies, typically present in TBoxes, since more general concepts can be mapped to larger regions, containing those regions associated with more specific concepts. However, the power of convexity is rarely leveraged during the actual learning tasks. Here, we introduce BoxLitE, a KB embedding model for DL-Lite$^{\mathcal{H}}$ that allows for convex optimization. We show that for any satisfiable DL-Lite$^{\mathcal{H}}$ KB, there is a BoxLitE embedding that is a weakly faithful model. As a proof of concept, we show how to formulate the KB embedding task as a convex optimization problem and how to obtain embeddings with such desirable faithfulness properties.
title BoxLitE: A Faithful Knowledge Base Embedding Based on Convex Optimization
topic Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Logic in Computer Science
Optimization and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23937