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Main Authors: Quang, Trung Nguyen, Won, Cheng Yi Lewis, Pham, Minh Duc, He, Yingxu, Sun, Shuo, Aw, Ai Ti
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23975
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author Quang, Trung Nguyen
Won, Cheng Yi Lewis
Pham, Minh Duc
He, Yingxu
Sun, Shuo
Aw, Ai Ti
author_facet Quang, Trung Nguyen
Won, Cheng Yi Lewis
Pham, Minh Duc
He, Yingxu
Sun, Shuo
Aw, Ai Ti
contents Audio large language models (Audio LLMs) exhibit systematic failures in transcribing code-switching speech despite strong multilingual capabilities. Focusing on English-Mandarin, we identify three failure modes: language omission, translation-instead-of-transcription, and hallucination. We apply Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to align models, constructing preference pairs in which chosen responses preserve mixed-language content while rejected responses mimic failure patterns. Training three Audio LLMs on 100K pairs (570 hours), we observe consistent behavioral shifts: models learn to preserve language composition rather than translating when prompted for transcription. This alignment yields MER reductions up to 89.6% (in-distribution) and 20.0% (out-of-distribution). Our findings suggest DPO can effectively elicit correct code-switching transcription behavior from multilingual Audio LLMs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_23975
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Direct Preference Optimization for English-Mandarin Code-Switching Speech Recognition in Audio LLMs
Quang, Trung Nguyen
Won, Cheng Yi Lewis
Pham, Minh Duc
He, Yingxu
Sun, Shuo
Aw, Ai Ti
Computation and Language
Sound
Audio large language models (Audio LLMs) exhibit systematic failures in transcribing code-switching speech despite strong multilingual capabilities. Focusing on English-Mandarin, we identify three failure modes: language omission, translation-instead-of-transcription, and hallucination. We apply Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to align models, constructing preference pairs in which chosen responses preserve mixed-language content while rejected responses mimic failure patterns. Training three Audio LLMs on 100K pairs (570 hours), we observe consistent behavioral shifts: models learn to preserve language composition rather than translating when prompted for transcription. This alignment yields MER reductions up to 89.6% (in-distribution) and 20.0% (out-of-distribution). Our findings suggest DPO can effectively elicit correct code-switching transcription behavior from multilingual Audio LLMs.
title Direct Preference Optimization for English-Mandarin Code-Switching Speech Recognition in Audio LLMs
topic Computation and Language
Sound
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23975