MemForest: An Efficient Agent Memory System with Hierarchical Temporal Indexing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Chen, Han, Zhang, Zining, Pei, Wenqi, He, Bingsheng, Wu, Ming, Zeng, Jason, Heinrich, Michael, Wu, Wei, Zhang, Hongbao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Chen, Han
Zhang, Zining
Pei, Wenqi
He, Bingsheng
Wu, Ming
Zeng, Jason
Heinrich, Michael
Wu, Wei
Zhang, Hongbao
author_facet Chen, Han
Zhang, Zining
Pei, Wenqi
He, Bingsheng
Wu, Ming
Zeng, Jason
Heinrich, Michael
Wu, Wei
Zhang, Hongbao
contents Memory is a fundamental component for enabling long-context LLM agents, supporting persistent state across interactions through a continuous serve-and-update lifecycle. Despite substantial prior work, existing systems suffer from significant maintenance overhead due to two key limitations: coarse-grained state management and inherently sequential update pipelines. In particular, updates are often tightly coupled with LLM inference and require full-state rewrites, leading to poor scalability and growing latency as memory accumulates. To address these challenges, we present MemForest, a memory framework that reformulates agent memory as a write-efficient temporal data management problem. MemForest breaks the sequential bottleneck via parallel chunk extraction, decoupling memory construction into concurrent, independent operations. To further eliminate coarse-grained maintenance, we introduce MemTree, a hierarchical temporal index that organizes memory as time-ordered trees rather than flat global summaries. This design replaces full-state rewrites with localized per-node updates, reducing maintenance cost to the affected tree paths while naturally preserving temporally evolving states. We evaluate MemForest on two long-context memory benchmarks, LongMemEval-S and LoCoMo. On LongMemEval-S, MemForest achieves the best overall performance among stateful baselines, reaching 79.8% pass@1 accuracy while sustaining a memory construction throughput approximately 6x higher than state-of-the-art approaches including EverMemOS.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_23986
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MemForest: An Efficient Agent Memory System with Hierarchical Temporal Indexing
Chen, Han
Zhang, Zining
Pei, Wenqi
He, Bingsheng
Wu, Ming
Zeng, Jason
Heinrich, Michael
Wu, Wei
Zhang, Hongbao
Databases
Artificial Intelligence
Multiagent Systems
H.2.4; I.2.7; I.2.11
Memory is a fundamental component for enabling long-context LLM agents, supporting persistent state across interactions through a continuous serve-and-update lifecycle. Despite substantial prior work, existing systems suffer from significant maintenance overhead due to two key limitations: coarse-grained state management and inherently sequential update pipelines. In particular, updates are often tightly coupled with LLM inference and require full-state rewrites, leading to poor scalability and growing latency as memory accumulates. To address these challenges, we present MemForest, a memory framework that reformulates agent memory as a write-efficient temporal data management problem. MemForest breaks the sequential bottleneck via parallel chunk extraction, decoupling memory construction into concurrent, independent operations. To further eliminate coarse-grained maintenance, we introduce MemTree, a hierarchical temporal index that organizes memory as time-ordered trees rather than flat global summaries. This design replaces full-state rewrites with localized per-node updates, reducing maintenance cost to the affected tree paths while naturally preserving temporally evolving states. We evaluate MemForest on two long-context memory benchmarks, LongMemEval-S and LoCoMo. On LongMemEval-S, MemForest achieves the best overall performance among stateful baselines, reaching 79.8% pass@1 accuracy while sustaining a memory construction throughput approximately 6x higher than state-of-the-art approaches including EverMemOS.
title MemForest: An Efficient Agent Memory System with Hierarchical Temporal Indexing
topic Databases
Artificial Intelligence
Multiagent Systems
H.2.4; I.2.7; I.2.11
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23986