On the maximum neutrino flux of blazars in the one-zone leptohadronic model

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Li, Wei-Jian, Xue, Rui, Wang, Ze-Rui, Xiong, Dingrong
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Li, Wei-Jian
Xue, Rui
Wang, Ze-Rui
Xiong, Dingrong
author_facet Li, Wei-Jian
Xue, Rui
Wang, Ze-Rui
Xiong, Dingrong
contents The origin of extragalactic high-energy neutrinos remains a major mystery in astrophysics, with blazars as leading candidate sources. The widely adopted one-zone leptohadronic jet model, however, faces severe challenges from stringent X-ray observational constraints. In this work, we present an analytical approach that derives the maximum neutrino flux as a function of the observed X-ray flux and the corresponding physical parameters attainable within the one-zone leptohadronic framework. Applying this approach to a sample of neutrino candidate blazars, we further perform numerical modeling and find agreement between analytical and numerical results. Both approaches consistently show that the model-predicted neutrino fluxes do not significantly exceed those obtained in previous one-zone studies and remain below the flux levels inferred from IceCube observations, suggesting that the one-zone scenario alone is unlikely to fully account for high-energy neutrino-blazar associations. This highlights the importance of considering multi-zone models or alternative production sites (e.g., jet base, hot corona) to better explain high-energy neutrino origins in blazars.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_24107
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the maximum neutrino flux of blazars in the one-zone leptohadronic model
Li, Wei-Jian
Xue, Rui
Wang, Ze-Rui
Xiong, Dingrong
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
The origin of extragalactic high-energy neutrinos remains a major mystery in astrophysics, with blazars as leading candidate sources. The widely adopted one-zone leptohadronic jet model, however, faces severe challenges from stringent X-ray observational constraints. In this work, we present an analytical approach that derives the maximum neutrino flux as a function of the observed X-ray flux and the corresponding physical parameters attainable within the one-zone leptohadronic framework. Applying this approach to a sample of neutrino candidate blazars, we further perform numerical modeling and find agreement between analytical and numerical results. Both approaches consistently show that the model-predicted neutrino fluxes do not significantly exceed those obtained in previous one-zone studies and remain below the flux levels inferred from IceCube observations, suggesting that the one-zone scenario alone is unlikely to fully account for high-energy neutrino-blazar associations. This highlights the importance of considering multi-zone models or alternative production sites (e.g., jet base, hot corona) to better explain high-energy neutrino origins in blazars.
title On the maximum neutrino flux of blazars in the one-zone leptohadronic model
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24107