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Main Authors: Tan, Qitao, Song, Xiaoying, Akbari, Arman, Akbari, Arash, Wang, Yanzhi, Zhai, Xiaoming, Hong, Lingzi, Xiang, Zhen, Lu, Jin, Yuan, Geng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24154
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author Tan, Qitao
Song, Xiaoying
Akbari, Arman
Akbari, Arash
Wang, Yanzhi
Zhai, Xiaoming
Hong, Lingzi
Xiang, Zhen
Lu, Jin
Yuan, Geng
author_facet Tan, Qitao
Song, Xiaoying
Akbari, Arman
Akbari, Arash
Wang, Yanzhi
Zhai, Xiaoming
Hong, Lingzi
Xiang, Zhen
Lu, Jin
Yuan, Geng
contents Current safety alignment of foundation models largely follows a \emph{one-size-fits-all} paradigm, applying the same refusal policy across users and contexts. As a result, models may refuse requests that are unsafe for general users but legitimate for authorized professionals, limiting helpfulness in specialized professional settings. Existing approaches either require costly realignment or rely on inference-time steering that suffers from imprecise control and added latency. To this end, we propose \textsc{Palette}, a modular, controllable, and efficient framework that selectively relaxes refusal behavior on authorized target domains while preserving standard safety elsewhere. Our method identifies a refusal direction via multi-objective search and internalizes it into the model through lightweight adaptation. \textsc{Palette} further supports modular composition: it learns domain-specific safety controls independently and composes them through parameter merging, enabling on-demand multi-domain authorization without retraining. Experiments across four safety benchmarks, multiple model variants, and both LLMs and VLMs show that \textsc{Palette} delivers precise safety control without sacrificing general utility, offering a practical path toward foundation models that adapt to diverse professional needs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_24154
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Palette: A Modular, Controllable, and Efficient Framework for On-demand Authorized Safety Alignment Relaxation in LLMs
Tan, Qitao
Song, Xiaoying
Akbari, Arman
Akbari, Arash
Wang, Yanzhi
Zhai, Xiaoming
Hong, Lingzi
Xiang, Zhen
Lu, Jin
Yuan, Geng
Artificial Intelligence
Software Engineering
Current safety alignment of foundation models largely follows a \emph{one-size-fits-all} paradigm, applying the same refusal policy across users and contexts. As a result, models may refuse requests that are unsafe for general users but legitimate for authorized professionals, limiting helpfulness in specialized professional settings. Existing approaches either require costly realignment or rely on inference-time steering that suffers from imprecise control and added latency. To this end, we propose \textsc{Palette}, a modular, controllable, and efficient framework that selectively relaxes refusal behavior on authorized target domains while preserving standard safety elsewhere. Our method identifies a refusal direction via multi-objective search and internalizes it into the model through lightweight adaptation. \textsc{Palette} further supports modular composition: it learns domain-specific safety controls independently and composes them through parameter merging, enabling on-demand multi-domain authorization without retraining. Experiments across four safety benchmarks, multiple model variants, and both LLMs and VLMs show that \textsc{Palette} delivers precise safety control without sacrificing general utility, offering a practical path toward foundation models that adapt to diverse professional needs.
title Palette: A Modular, Controllable, and Efficient Framework for On-demand Authorized Safety Alignment Relaxation in LLMs
topic Artificial Intelligence
Software Engineering
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24154