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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24362 |
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| _version_ | 1866917543738867712 |
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| author | Li, Pengfei Zhou, Yi |
| author_facet | Li, Pengfei Zhou, Yi |
| contents | The recent discovery of an intrinsic, zero-field pair density wave (PDW) in the iron-pnictide superconductor EuRbFe$_4$As$_4$ poses a fundamental puzzle: how does a unidirectional, nanometer-scale superconducting modulation arise spontaneously below the magnetic ordering temperature? Here we show that the interplay of Rashba spin-orbit coupling -- induced by the locally non-centrosymmetric FeAs layers -- and the period-four helical Eu$^{2+}$ exchange field generates a layer-rotating effective $U(1)$ gauge field for the Cooper pairs. Because this gauge field shares the symmetry of the Fe $3d_{xz}/3d_{yz}$ orbital doublet, it drives an orbital-selective, finite-momentum pairing instability. Using a Ginzburg-Landau theory on the magnetic unit cell, we demonstrate that this mechanism naturally stabilizes a strictly uniaxial Bloch superconducting state at the experimentally observed wavelength, accompanied by spontaneous interlayer loop currents accessible to muon-spin relaxation or scanning SQUID microscopy. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_24362 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Helical Rashba-exchange gauge field drives a uniaxial pair density wave in EuRbFe$_4$As$_4$ Li, Pengfei Zhou, Yi Superconductivity The recent discovery of an intrinsic, zero-field pair density wave (PDW) in the iron-pnictide superconductor EuRbFe$_4$As$_4$ poses a fundamental puzzle: how does a unidirectional, nanometer-scale superconducting modulation arise spontaneously below the magnetic ordering temperature? Here we show that the interplay of Rashba spin-orbit coupling -- induced by the locally non-centrosymmetric FeAs layers -- and the period-four helical Eu$^{2+}$ exchange field generates a layer-rotating effective $U(1)$ gauge field for the Cooper pairs. Because this gauge field shares the symmetry of the Fe $3d_{xz}/3d_{yz}$ orbital doublet, it drives an orbital-selective, finite-momentum pairing instability. Using a Ginzburg-Landau theory on the magnetic unit cell, we demonstrate that this mechanism naturally stabilizes a strictly uniaxial Bloch superconducting state at the experimentally observed wavelength, accompanied by spontaneous interlayer loop currents accessible to muon-spin relaxation or scanning SQUID microscopy. |
| title | Helical Rashba-exchange gauge field drives a uniaxial pair density wave in EuRbFe$_4$As$_4$ |
| topic | Superconductivity |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24362 |