Found in Conversation: LLMs Teach Themselves to Close the Multi-Turn Gap
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866914594806562816 |
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| author | Chen, Tianlang Wu, Shirley Leskovec, Jure |
| author_facet | Chen, Tianlang Wu, Shirley Leskovec, Jure |
| contents | Large Language Model (LLM) interactions are typically underspecified, with users clarifying all necessary details across multiple conversational turns. Yet recent work shows that LLMs perform far worse in this multi-turn setting than in a single turn with same information being available at once, a phenomenon termed "Lost-in-Conversation." However, bridging this gap effectively remains an open problem. Here we introduce Found in Conversation (FiC), a training framework where a model teaches itself to find and recover its single-turn competence given underspecified multi-turn prompts. We develop View-Asymmetric Self-Distillation, which distills across two views of the same task information--single-turn view for the teacher, multi-turn view for the student--transferring strong single-turn behavior into weak multi-turn behavior. This requires no stronger external teacher, which is unavailable as even frontier LLMs exhibit this gap. Across model families (Llama, Qwen, Phi, and OLMo) and sizes (3B-14B), FiC recovers at least 92% of single-turn performance and reaches 100% on two Llama backbones, yielding more efficient and helpful multi-turn conversations with single-turn capabilities intact. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_24432 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Found in Conversation: LLMs Teach Themselves to Close the Multi-Turn Gap Chen, Tianlang Wu, Shirley Leskovec, Jure Computation and Language Large Language Model (LLM) interactions are typically underspecified, with users clarifying all necessary details across multiple conversational turns. Yet recent work shows that LLMs perform far worse in this multi-turn setting than in a single turn with same information being available at once, a phenomenon termed "Lost-in-Conversation." However, bridging this gap effectively remains an open problem. Here we introduce Found in Conversation (FiC), a training framework where a model teaches itself to find and recover its single-turn competence given underspecified multi-turn prompts. We develop View-Asymmetric Self-Distillation, which distills across two views of the same task information--single-turn view for the teacher, multi-turn view for the student--transferring strong single-turn behavior into weak multi-turn behavior. This requires no stronger external teacher, which is unavailable as even frontier LLMs exhibit this gap. Across model families (Llama, Qwen, Phi, and OLMo) and sizes (3B-14B), FiC recovers at least 92% of single-turn performance and reaches 100% on two Llama backbones, yielding more efficient and helpful multi-turn conversations with single-turn capabilities intact. |
| title | Found in Conversation: LLMs Teach Themselves to Close the Multi-Turn Gap |
| topic | Computation and Language |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24432 |