Finding Koopman Invariant Subspaces via Personalized PageRank

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Hong, Hyukpyo, Li, Qin, Colbrook, Matthew J., Lyu, Hanbaek
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866916052147896320
author Hong, Hyukpyo
Li, Qin
Colbrook, Matthew J.
Lyu, Hanbaek
author_facet Hong, Hyukpyo
Li, Qin
Colbrook, Matthew J.
Lyu, Hanbaek
contents Selecting a finite dictionary of observables whose span is Koopman-invariant is a central challenge in data-driven Koopman operator approximation. We address this problem by exploiting zero-block structure in Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) matrices. We show that any sub-dictionary whose span is Koopman-invariant induces an exact zero block in the EDMD matrix, even for finite data. We then show that such blocks can be detected by applying PageRank to a row-normalized EDMD matrix constructed from a large initial dictionary. The theory extends to approximately invariant subspaces and yields stronger guarantees for personalized PageRank (PPR) when the seed observables lie inside the target block and reach all observables in that block. Combining EDMD concentration bounds with PageRank perturbation theory gives end-to-end detection guarantees with $O(1/\sqrt{M})$ finite-sample scaling and explicit constants. More generally, without assuming an invariant subspace exists, high PPR mass on a sub-dictionary controls discounted multi-step leakage from the seed observables. Numerical experiments on the Duffing oscillator, Van der Pol oscillator, Lorenz system, and a three-well Ramachandran potential suggest that the method identifies compact, interpretable dictionaries with accurate predictions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_24666
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Finding Koopman Invariant Subspaces via Personalized PageRank
Hong, Hyukpyo
Li, Qin
Colbrook, Matthew J.
Lyu, Hanbaek
Dynamical Systems
Numerical Analysis
Machine Learning
37M21, 47B33, 05C82
G.1.7; I.2.8
Selecting a finite dictionary of observables whose span is Koopman-invariant is a central challenge in data-driven Koopman operator approximation. We address this problem by exploiting zero-block structure in Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) matrices. We show that any sub-dictionary whose span is Koopman-invariant induces an exact zero block in the EDMD matrix, even for finite data. We then show that such blocks can be detected by applying PageRank to a row-normalized EDMD matrix constructed from a large initial dictionary. The theory extends to approximately invariant subspaces and yields stronger guarantees for personalized PageRank (PPR) when the seed observables lie inside the target block and reach all observables in that block. Combining EDMD concentration bounds with PageRank perturbation theory gives end-to-end detection guarantees with $O(1/\sqrt{M})$ finite-sample scaling and explicit constants. More generally, without assuming an invariant subspace exists, high PPR mass on a sub-dictionary controls discounted multi-step leakage from the seed observables. Numerical experiments on the Duffing oscillator, Van der Pol oscillator, Lorenz system, and a three-well Ramachandran potential suggest that the method identifies compact, interpretable dictionaries with accurate predictions.
title Finding Koopman Invariant Subspaces via Personalized PageRank
topic Dynamical Systems
Numerical Analysis
Machine Learning
37M21, 47B33, 05C82
G.1.7; I.2.8
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24666