Shear Particle Acceleration in Structured Gamma-Ray Burst Jets: IV. Thermal {\em vs.} Non-thermal Emission of the Jet Cocoon

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Zi-Qi, Huang, Xiao-Li, Zhang, Hai-Ming, Liang, En-Wei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866918520317542400
author Wang, Zi-Qi
Huang, Xiao-Li
Zhang, Hai-Ming
Liang, En-Wei
author_facet Wang, Zi-Qi
Huang, Xiao-Li
Zhang, Hai-Ming
Liang, En-Wei
contents A distinct thermal or quasi-thermal spectral component is occasionally observed in gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission spectra. Taking GRB 090902B as a case study, we investigate its origin within a structured jet framework, in which the outflow consists of an ultra-relativistic uniform core surrounded by a structured cocoon. In the weak-scattering regime with inefficient shear acceleration, electrons pre-energized in the thin jet-cocoon interaction layer are further heated in the mixed jet-cocoon (MJC) region, forming a quasi-thermal electron distribution. Parameterizing the radial temperature profile of electrons as a power law with index $q_T$, we demonstrate that both the peak flux and spectral width of the thermal component are sensitive to maximum temperature $T_{\max}$ and $q_T$. Combined with the synchrotron emission of shock-accelerated electrons in the jet core, our model reproduces both the quasi-thermal component in the keV-MeV range and the broadband non-thermal emission observed in the time-integrated and time-resolved spectra of GRB 090902B. A comparative analysis of GRB 240825A within a shear-acceleration dominated (strong-scattering) scenario shows that shear-accelerated electrons produce broader spectra than thermalized electrons in the weak-scattering regime. These results indicate that GRB spectral diversity likely arises from the additional emission component originating in the MJC region under different physical conditions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_25147
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Shear Particle Acceleration in Structured Gamma-Ray Burst Jets: IV. Thermal {\em vs.} Non-thermal Emission of the Jet Cocoon
Wang, Zi-Qi
Huang, Xiao-Li
Zhang, Hai-Ming
Liang, En-Wei
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
A distinct thermal or quasi-thermal spectral component is occasionally observed in gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission spectra. Taking GRB 090902B as a case study, we investigate its origin within a structured jet framework, in which the outflow consists of an ultra-relativistic uniform core surrounded by a structured cocoon. In the weak-scattering regime with inefficient shear acceleration, electrons pre-energized in the thin jet-cocoon interaction layer are further heated in the mixed jet-cocoon (MJC) region, forming a quasi-thermal electron distribution. Parameterizing the radial temperature profile of electrons as a power law with index $q_T$, we demonstrate that both the peak flux and spectral width of the thermal component are sensitive to maximum temperature $T_{\max}$ and $q_T$. Combined with the synchrotron emission of shock-accelerated electrons in the jet core, our model reproduces both the quasi-thermal component in the keV-MeV range and the broadband non-thermal emission observed in the time-integrated and time-resolved spectra of GRB 090902B. A comparative analysis of GRB 240825A within a shear-acceleration dominated (strong-scattering) scenario shows that shear-accelerated electrons produce broader spectra than thermalized electrons in the weak-scattering regime. These results indicate that GRB spectral diversity likely arises from the additional emission component originating in the MJC region under different physical conditions.
title Shear Particle Acceleration in Structured Gamma-Ray Burst Jets: IV. Thermal {\em vs.} Non-thermal Emission of the Jet Cocoon
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.25147