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Main Authors: Urata, Yuji, Huang, Kuiyun, Hatsukade, Bunyo, Kasliwal, Mansi, Kimura, Shigeo S., Matsuda, Yuichi, Miyamoto, Yusuke, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nakanishi, Kouichiro, Stein, Robert
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.25412
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author Urata, Yuji
Huang, Kuiyun
Hatsukade, Bunyo
Kasliwal, Mansi
Kimura, Shigeo S.
Matsuda, Yuichi
Miyamoto, Yusuke
Nagai, Hiroshi
Nakanishi, Kouichiro
Stein, Robert
author_facet Urata, Yuji
Huang, Kuiyun
Hatsukade, Bunyo
Kasliwal, Mansi
Kimura, Shigeo S.
Matsuda, Yuichi
Miyamoto, Yusuke
Nagai, Hiroshi
Nakanishi, Kouichiro
Stein, Robert
contents The origin of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos remains unresolved, and secure electromagnetic counterparts to individual events are rare despite rapid follow-up. Dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at cosmic noon (z ~ 1-4) are natural cosmic-ray calorimeters, yet observational links between DSFGs and neutrinos have remained elusive. Here we report a compact-core DSFG within an IceCube localization, JCMT0402-0424, a quadruply lensed galaxy at z = 2.988 located inside the 90% containment region of the IceCube event IC 210922A. ALMA imaging and lens modeling resolve a highly magnified, compact starburst with no bright gamma-ray or X-ray counterpart above current sensitivity limits. Considering the positional agreement, the low chance-coincidence probability (less than about 1%) for such an extreme submillimeter source, the absence of equally plausible alternatives in the field, and the compact, gas-rich core revealed by ALMA, JCMT0402-0424 is the most plausible electromagnetic counterpart candidate within the IC 210922A localization. In a population context, compact-core starbursts at cosmic noon can provide a non-negligible population-level contribution to the diffuse high-energy neutrino background, even though the neutrino yield from any single DSFG is modest. This result connects high-energy neutrino production to the peak epoch of cosmic star formation, opening a new avenue to probe galaxy evolution and cosmic-ray acceleration across cosmic time.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_25412
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Compact dusty starbursts at cosmic noon linked to high-energy neutrinos
Urata, Yuji
Huang, Kuiyun
Hatsukade, Bunyo
Kasliwal, Mansi
Kimura, Shigeo S.
Matsuda, Yuichi
Miyamoto, Yusuke
Nagai, Hiroshi
Nakanishi, Kouichiro
Stein, Robert
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
The origin of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos remains unresolved, and secure electromagnetic counterparts to individual events are rare despite rapid follow-up. Dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at cosmic noon (z ~ 1-4) are natural cosmic-ray calorimeters, yet observational links between DSFGs and neutrinos have remained elusive. Here we report a compact-core DSFG within an IceCube localization, JCMT0402-0424, a quadruply lensed galaxy at z = 2.988 located inside the 90% containment region of the IceCube event IC 210922A. ALMA imaging and lens modeling resolve a highly magnified, compact starburst with no bright gamma-ray or X-ray counterpart above current sensitivity limits. Considering the positional agreement, the low chance-coincidence probability (less than about 1%) for such an extreme submillimeter source, the absence of equally plausible alternatives in the field, and the compact, gas-rich core revealed by ALMA, JCMT0402-0424 is the most plausible electromagnetic counterpart candidate within the IC 210922A localization. In a population context, compact-core starbursts at cosmic noon can provide a non-negligible population-level contribution to the diffuse high-energy neutrino background, even though the neutrino yield from any single DSFG is modest. This result connects high-energy neutrino production to the peak epoch of cosmic star formation, opening a new avenue to probe galaxy evolution and cosmic-ray acceleration across cosmic time.
title Compact dusty starbursts at cosmic noon linked to high-energy neutrinos
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.25412