Generative AI impacts on intra-urban inequality and skill premium in Beijing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: He, Xiliu, Zhao, Haoxiang, Ma, Mingyi, Lai, Edward Wen Chuan, Enomoto, Koei, Hu, Anni, Li, Jiatong, Chu, Lingyun, Lai, Yuan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author He, Xiliu
Zhao, Haoxiang
Ma, Mingyi
Lai, Edward Wen Chuan
Enomoto, Koei
Hu, Anni
Li, Jiatong
Chu, Lingyun
Lai, Yuan
author_facet He, Xiliu
Zhao, Haoxiang
Ma, Mingyi
Lai, Edward Wen Chuan
Enomoto, Koei
Hu, Anni
Li, Jiatong
Chu, Lingyun
Lai, Yuan
contents Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is the first automation wave to reach high-cognitive tasks at scale, yet its effects on intra-urban inequality remain largely unknown. Using 5 million job postings from Beijing (2018--2024), we construct a neighborhood-level GenAI Exposure Index by aggregating task-level assessments from five leading large language models. We examine the spatial, structural and causal mechanisms of this shock. We find that GenAI exposure is highly concentrated in the city's core districts, deepening the intra-urban AI divide. Since 2023, high-exposure neighborhoods have experienced wage stagnation even as they continue to attract high-skilled workers -- a "high-skill trap." This wage penalty is driven by task de-skilling and intensified labor-market crowding. A difference-in-differences design centered on ChatGPT's release supports a causal interpretation. These findings challenge the prevailing theory of skill-biased technological change and provide a basis for inclusive AI governance in global technology hubs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_25505
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Generative AI impacts on intra-urban inequality and skill premium in Beijing
He, Xiliu
Zhao, Haoxiang
Ma, Mingyi
Lai, Edward Wen Chuan
Enomoto, Koei
Hu, Anni
Li, Jiatong
Chu, Lingyun
Lai, Yuan
Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
General Economics
Economics
Physics and Society
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is the first automation wave to reach high-cognitive tasks at scale, yet its effects on intra-urban inequality remain largely unknown. Using 5 million job postings from Beijing (2018--2024), we construct a neighborhood-level GenAI Exposure Index by aggregating task-level assessments from five leading large language models. We examine the spatial, structural and causal mechanisms of this shock. We find that GenAI exposure is highly concentrated in the city's core districts, deepening the intra-urban AI divide. Since 2023, high-exposure neighborhoods have experienced wage stagnation even as they continue to attract high-skilled workers -- a "high-skill trap." This wage penalty is driven by task de-skilling and intensified labor-market crowding. A difference-in-differences design centered on ChatGPT's release supports a causal interpretation. These findings challenge the prevailing theory of skill-biased technological change and provide a basis for inclusive AI governance in global technology hubs.
title Generative AI impacts on intra-urban inequality and skill premium in Beijing
topic Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
General Economics
Economics
Physics and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.25505