Intelligent Detection and Mitigation of Carpet-Bombing DDoS Attacks in SDN Using Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Large Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Swileh, Mohammed N., Zhang, Shengli, Lei, Kai
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Swileh, Mohammed N.
Zhang, Shengli
Lei, Kai
author_facet Swileh, Mohammed N.
Zhang, Shengli
Lei, Kai
contents Software-Defined Networking (SDN) provides flexible and programmable network management; however, its centralized control architecture remains highly vulnerable to Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks, particularly Carpet-Bombing DDoS attacks that distribute malicious traffic across multiple targets to evade conventional detection mechanisms. In this paper, a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based framework is proposed for real-time detection and mitigation of Carpet-Bombing DDoS attacks in SDN environments. The proposed framework combines interface-level traffic features representation, semantic embedding generation, FAISS-based similarity retrieval, and Large Language Model (LLM)-driven contextual inference to classify traffic behavior without requiring conventional supervised model training or retraining. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, extensive experiments were conducted under multiple Carpet-Bombing DDoS attack scenarios with different attack intensities. In addition, two traffic representation strategies, namely structured JSON-based representation and natural language-based representation (NLR), were investigated using multiple state-of-the-art LLMs. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieved highly accurate and stable attack detection performance, while the framework configuration utilizing the Gemma-4-31B-IT model achieved the strongest overall detection results. Furthermore, real-time experiments confirmed the capability of the proposed framework to rapidly detect and mitigate Carpet-Bombing DDoS attacks while maintaining stable SDN network operation. The obtained results highlight the effectiveness of integrating RAG mechanisms with LLM for intelligent and adaptive SDN security analysis.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_26307
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Intelligent Detection and Mitigation of Carpet-Bombing DDoS Attacks in SDN Using Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Large Language Models
Swileh, Mohammed N.
Zhang, Shengli
Lei, Kai
Cryptography and Security
Artificial Intelligence
Networking and Internet Architecture
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) provides flexible and programmable network management; however, its centralized control architecture remains highly vulnerable to Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks, particularly Carpet-Bombing DDoS attacks that distribute malicious traffic across multiple targets to evade conventional detection mechanisms. In this paper, a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based framework is proposed for real-time detection and mitigation of Carpet-Bombing DDoS attacks in SDN environments. The proposed framework combines interface-level traffic features representation, semantic embedding generation, FAISS-based similarity retrieval, and Large Language Model (LLM)-driven contextual inference to classify traffic behavior without requiring conventional supervised model training or retraining. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, extensive experiments were conducted under multiple Carpet-Bombing DDoS attack scenarios with different attack intensities. In addition, two traffic representation strategies, namely structured JSON-based representation and natural language-based representation (NLR), were investigated using multiple state-of-the-art LLMs. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieved highly accurate and stable attack detection performance, while the framework configuration utilizing the Gemma-4-31B-IT model achieved the strongest overall detection results. Furthermore, real-time experiments confirmed the capability of the proposed framework to rapidly detect and mitigate Carpet-Bombing DDoS attacks while maintaining stable SDN network operation. The obtained results highlight the effectiveness of integrating RAG mechanisms with LLM for intelligent and adaptive SDN security analysis.
title Intelligent Detection and Mitigation of Carpet-Bombing DDoS Attacks in SDN Using Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Large Language Models
topic Cryptography and Security
Artificial Intelligence
Networking and Internet Architecture
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.26307