SLA-Aware Traffic Steering in Hybrid TN-NTN 5G Backhaul: A Potential Game Approach
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866910258475040768 |
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| author | Navidan, Hojjat Rico, Delia Cheraghinia, Mohammad Moerman, Ingrid Shahid, Adnan |
| author_facet | Navidan, Hojjat Rico, Delia Cheraghinia, Mohammad Moerman, Ingrid Shahid, Adnan |
| contents | The integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) with Terrestrial Networks (TN) is a key enabler for resilient 5G-Advanced and future 6G backhaul infrastructures. However, managing traffic across these highly asymmetric links remains a significant routing challenge, as systems must support heterogeneous network slices with conflicting service-level agreements (SLAs) while selectively utilizing costly NTN resources. This paper presents a computationally lightweight SLA-aware traffic-steering framework for a hybrid TN-NTN backhaul that models the load-balancing problem as an exact potential game. This mathematical foundation inherently enables decentralized coordination between uplink and downlink load-balancing agents without control-message overhead. By formulating traffic steering as a coupled optimization problem, per-slice (or per-user group) traffic fractions are dynamically distributed across terrestrial and satellite paths based on utility functions that capture throughput, latency, packet loss, and SLA penalties. The resulting game admits a pure Nash equilibrium, ensuring stable and predictable traffic adaptation under non-stationary load conditions. The framework is evaluated on a geographically distributed 5G testbed, using bidirectional traffic generated for five representative slices. Experimental results show that the proposed controller significantly outperforms heuristic and conventional baselines, reducing SLA violations to 1.7% for V2X and 0.7% for the emergency slice while completely eliminating them for video, IoT, and best-effort traffic. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_26673 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | SLA-Aware Traffic Steering in Hybrid TN-NTN 5G Backhaul: A Potential Game Approach Navidan, Hojjat Rico, Delia Cheraghinia, Mohammad Moerman, Ingrid Shahid, Adnan Networking and Internet Architecture The integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) with Terrestrial Networks (TN) is a key enabler for resilient 5G-Advanced and future 6G backhaul infrastructures. However, managing traffic across these highly asymmetric links remains a significant routing challenge, as systems must support heterogeneous network slices with conflicting service-level agreements (SLAs) while selectively utilizing costly NTN resources. This paper presents a computationally lightweight SLA-aware traffic-steering framework for a hybrid TN-NTN backhaul that models the load-balancing problem as an exact potential game. This mathematical foundation inherently enables decentralized coordination between uplink and downlink load-balancing agents without control-message overhead. By formulating traffic steering as a coupled optimization problem, per-slice (or per-user group) traffic fractions are dynamically distributed across terrestrial and satellite paths based on utility functions that capture throughput, latency, packet loss, and SLA penalties. The resulting game admits a pure Nash equilibrium, ensuring stable and predictable traffic adaptation under non-stationary load conditions. The framework is evaluated on a geographically distributed 5G testbed, using bidirectional traffic generated for five representative slices. Experimental results show that the proposed controller significantly outperforms heuristic and conventional baselines, reducing SLA violations to 1.7% for V2X and 0.7% for the emergency slice while completely eliminating them for video, IoT, and best-effort traffic. |
| title | SLA-Aware Traffic Steering in Hybrid TN-NTN 5G Backhaul: A Potential Game Approach |
| topic | Networking and Internet Architecture |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.26673 |